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74 questions
Habits are the ________ interest of self-improvement. (Ch 1)
The effects of small habits compound over time.
If you get 1% better each day, you will end up nearly how many times better after 1 year? (Ch 1)
2
3.65
37
365
The Plateau of Latent Potential shows that the observable results of our efforts are often _______. (Ch 1)
Delayed
Immediate
Amazing
Ignored
You do not rise to the level of your _____. You fall to the level of your _____. (Ch 1)
goals; systems
systems; goals
environment; genes
genes; environment
Bob decides to go to the gym every day. After a week, he doesn't observe much change in his health, so he quits. What core idea is Bob missing? (Ch 1)
Plateau of Latent Potential
Three Layers of Behavior Change
The Habit Loop
Habit Stacking
What are the three layers of behavior change? (Ch 2)
Outcomes, processes, and identity
Goals, habits, and beliefs
Motivation, reinforcement, and cognition
Emotions, environment, and social support
Eve wants to stop playing League. When Carol asks her to duo, she could say: A = "Sorry, I'm trying to quit", or B = "Sorry, I don't play anymore". Which is better for behavior change and why? (Ch 2)
B, because it's an identity-based habit
A, because it's an identity-based habit
B, because it's an outcome-based habit
A, because it's an outcome-based habit
Your ________ emerges out of your habits. (Ch 2)
To change your identity, follow the two-step process of: (Ch 2)
1. Deciding who you want to be.
2. Proving it with small wins.
1. Figuring out the desired result.
2. Making a habit to achieve that result.
Why do habits truly matter - what's the core reason? (Ch 2)
They help change your beliefs about yourself
They help you achieve better results
They help you wake up at 6 AM every day
They help give you something to do
______ are mental shortcuts learned from experience. (Ch 3)
What are the 4 stages of the habit loop, in order? (Ch 3)
Cue, craving, response, reward
Craving, cue, reward, response
Thought, desire, action, reflection
Desire, thought, reflection, action
You're taking a tough test and begin to feel stressed. You want to feel in control, so you bite your nails, which creates an association. Identify the cue in this habit loop. (Ch 3)
Taking a tough test
Feeling stressed / want to feel in control
Bite your nails
Associating nail biting with tough tests
The Four Laws of Behavior Change are: Make it (A), make it (B), make it (C), and make it (D). Fill these in the order of cue, craving, response, and reward. (Ch 3)
obvious, attractive, easy, satisfying
obvious, satisfying, easy, attractive
invisible, unsatisfying, difficult, unattractive
invisible, unattractive, difficult, unsatisfying
True or false: You need to be consciously aware of a cue for a habit to begin. (Ch 4)
True
False
Behavior change always starts with _________. You need this before you know what habits to change. (Ch 4)
What does the Pointing-and-Calling strategy do? (Ch 4)
Raises awareness of non-conscious habits
Makes you look weird
Rewards you when you do a habit
Helps with habit automaticity
What is the formula for an implementation intention? (Ch 5)
I will [behavior] at [time] in [location].
After I [current habit], I will [new habit].
To achieve [result], I will do [behavior].
After [habit I need], I will [action I want]
What is the formula for habit stacking? (Ch 5)
I will [behavior] at [time] in [location].
After I [current habit], I will [new habit].
To achieve [result], I will do [behavior].
After [habit I need], I will [action I want]
Zoe wants to be healthier, so she says, "After I make my bed, I will brush my teeth." What concept does this best demonstrate? (Ch 5)
Habit stacking
Implementation intention
Temptation bundling
Pointing-and-Calling
An environment has a desktop as an object. What relationships could one have with it? (Ch 6)
Use to play video games
Use to do schoolwork
Use to binge Youtube
Use for programming
Every habit is initiated by a cue. Initially, this may be manually set by you. Gradually, the entire _______ becomes the cue. (Ch 6)
Jim wants to do work in his bedroom, but often ends up falling asleep instead. When he moves to a new room, he's able to work more. Why might this be? 2 answers. (Ch 6)
It's easier to build new habits in a new environment
His bedroom is already associated with sleep
The new room scares Jim into doing work
His bedroom is cursed - working for too long would force him into the backrooms
The inversion of the 1st Law of Behavior Change is: (Ch 7)
Make it invisible
Make it obvious
Make it easy
Make it difficult
True or false: People with high "discipline" or self-control only do this through better willpower, as opposed to also structuring their lives to avoid temptations. (Ch 7)
True
False
The more __________ an opportunity is, the more likely it is to become habit-forming (and to be taken up in the first place). (Ch 8)
Which dopamine curve represents a formed habit, where the expected reward does not occur? (Ch 8)
A
B
C
D
What is the formula for temptation bundling? (Ch 8)
After [habit I need], I will [action I want].
I will [behavior] at [time] in [location].
After I [current habit], I will [new habit].
To achieve [result], I will do [behavior].
Max wants to play rhythm games, but needs to get career things done. He says, "After doing career things for 30 minutes, I will play a rhythm game for 30 minutes." What best describes this strategy? (Ch 8)
Implementation intention
Habit stacking
Temptation bundling
Self-control
2 answers. A very effective way to build better habits is to join a culture where: (Ch 9)
Your desired behavior is the normal behavior
You already have something in common with the group
Everyone works hard all day, every day
Everyone parties hard all day, every day
Alex wants to get fit, so he joins a running club at his school. Why might this help him? (Ch 9)
We tend to adopt habits from our culture.
He's forced to wake up at 6 AM every day.
It won't help, because he doesn't share anything with the club.
It won't help, because he's too unfit to join.
The inversion of the 2nd Law of Behavior Change is: (Ch 10)
Make it unattractive
Make it attractive
Make it satisfying
Make it unsatisfying
All humans have an underlying motive to feel social belonging. What are some different ways to address this motive? (Ch 10)
Interact on social media
Play multiplayer video games with strangers
Hangout with friends in-person
Chat with others in a school club
Noah thinks of exercise as a challenging, draining activity that she has to do. What shift in mindset might help her? (Ch 10)
It's a way to develop skills and gain energy.
You have to get it done eventually.
It's only challenging sometimes.
It's easy if you put some willpower into it.
The most effective form of learning is ________, not planning. Ex: Sketching a design versus actually creating it. (Ch 11)
Fill in the blanks: When making a habit, focus on ______, not ______. (Ch 11)
taking action; being in motion
being in motion; taking action
seeing; believing
believing; seeing
Rick wants to be more organized, so he spends 4 hours a day choosing between 50 calendar apps to find the best one. Which of these concepts apply here? 2 answers. (Ch 11)
The best is the enemy of the good
Focus on taking action, not being in motion
Make it easy by lowering the time spent each day
Use 50 to-do lists instead
We prefer the option that requires the least amount of work. This is known as the: (Ch 12)
Law of Least Effort
Addition by subtraction
Implementation intention
Habit stacking
Both blanks are the same: Reduce the ________ associated with good behaviors, and increase the ________ associated with bad behaviors. (Ch 12)
Cole wants to sleep earlier, but finds that he always spaces out on Discord/YouTube at night. What are some ways to increase the friction associated with spacing out? 2 answers. (Ch 12)
Recurring alarms until going to bed
Restricting app usage near bedtime
Playing video games at night instead
Spacing out on campus instead
Adam finally decides to fix his life. He commits to exercising for 15 minutes every day, even though he's never exercised before. What rule is Adam not following? (Ch 13)
The Two-Minute Rule
Never Walk Backward
Temptation Bundling
The Dopamine Spike
What is the core message of this image? (Ch 13)
The start of the day matters much more than the end.
Some choices are much more pivotal than others.
Making one bad choice initially is fine, just don't make any more.
A binary tree can be drawn sideways.
Joe wants to try habit shaping to get better sleep. Phase 1 is just to be home by 11 PM every night. What's a reasonable Phase 2? 2 answers. (Ch 13)
Wake up at 7 AM every day.
No video games after 11 PM every night.
No YouTube after 11 PM every night.
Sleep by 11 PM every night.
The inversion of the 3rd Law of Behavior Change is: (Ch 14)
Make it invisible
Make it obvious
Make it easy
Make it difficult
A __________ device is a choice you make in the present that locks in better behavior in the future. (Ch 14)
Mary watches too much YouTube at night, so she installs Cold Turkey to block YouTube after hitting a given time limit. Assuming Mary does want to change, would this help? (Ch 14)
No. She could find a way to bypass it if she really wanted to.
No. If Cold Turkey does the blocking, Mary won't learn to avoid YouTube.
Yes. Cold Turkey makes it impossible to watch YouTube videos.
Yes. It's harder to binge YouTube, so Mary gets more chances to stop.
Which laws increase the odds that a behavior will be repeated next time (as opposed to being performed this time)? (Ch 15)
Make It Obvious
Make It Attractive
Make It Easy
Make It Satisfying
Both blanks are the same. The Cardinal Rule of Behavior Change states: What is ___________ rewarded is repeated. What is ___________ punished is avoided. (Ch 15)
Fill in the blanks: ______ starts a habit. ______ sustains a habit. (Ch 15)
Incentive; Identity
Identity; Incentives
Emotion; Logic
Logic; Emotion
Zac wants to play League instead of studying for his high school finals next week, because of time inconsistency and instant gratification. What would help Zac do well on his finals? 2 answers. (Ch 15)
Temptation bundling: For every 30 minutes studied, Zac can play 1 League game.
Implementation intention: Zac says he will study for 5 hours at home.
Two-Minute Rule: Zac should aim to study for 2 minutes every day.
Immediate reinforcement: Pay Zac $20 per hour that he studies.
When using a habit tracker, when's the best time to track completion of a habit? 2 answers. (Ch 16)
Immediately after completing it
At the end of the day
Whenever you remember to
N/A, Automate tracking instead
Everyone has bad days. It's ok to miss one day, or to only do a minimum amount for a habit. But, never miss _____! (Ch 16)
Pam wants to brush her teeth in the morning. Following the habit shaping method, she starts with "bring toothbrush into the bathroom every morning". But eventually, she autopilots and blindly does this every day, without changing the habit. What does this demonstrate? (Ch 16)
Goodhart's Law
The Cardinal Rule of Behavior Change
Focus on taking action, not being in motion.
To master a habit, start with repetition, not perfection.
The inversion of the 4th Law of Behavior Change is: (Ch 17)
Make it unsatisfying
Make it satisfying
Make it attractive
Make it unattractive
Abe wants to wake up early, and his roommate feels the same way. So, they make a deal to wake each other up at 7 AM every morning. What concept does this demonstrate? (Ch 17)
Accountability partner
Habit contract
Goodhart's Law
The Cardinal Rule of Behavior Change
Habit contracts are powerful tools, but directly asking a peer to make one might seem odd or scary. What are some alternative ways to add painful costs to a behavior? (Ch 17)
Donating money to charity each time you do the behavior
Sending an embarrassing message when you do the behavior
Finding a group with a shared desire to stop and reporting to them
Casually bring it up instead of a contract, so they might ask about it later
True or false: Neither genetics nor the environment fully determines your personality and skillset. Instead, they both contribute roughly the same amount. (Ch 18)
True
False
Jeb wants to major in computer science - his passion - but is worried about the rampant competition in the field. What could he do to stand out? (Ch 18)
Specialize in a specific subfield, like networking cybersecurity.
Switch majors to biology instead.
Find a side hustle, as a backup if he's unable to find a job.
Become a full-time basketball player.
Both blanks are the same: The greatest threat to success is not failure but _______. You have to fall in love with _______. Always stick to the schedule. (Ch 19)
What is the core message of this picture? (Ch 19)
Motivation is highest when the task is just hard enough.
The harder a task is, the higher your motivation.
The easier a task is, the higher your motivation.
Goldilocks ate the bear's porridge, not out of boredom or fear of failure, but because she was in her zone.
What are the two components of mastery? 2 answers. (Ch 20)
Habits
Deliberate practice
Accountability
Talent
What are some downsides of creating habits? Assume no reflection or review is used. 3 answers. (Ch 20)
Once you do something "good enough" on autopilot, you stop trying to do it better.
You become less sensitive to feedback - your routine becomes more fixed.
Habits can become outdated and no longer help you.
You can do many things without thinking.
Mary wants to look pretty. If she looks in the mirror too little, she won't fix obvious flaws, like food stains. But if she looks too much, she'll obsess over small things that don't matter. What is this analogous to? (Ch 20)
Doing too little or too much reflection and review
The difference between failure and boredom
Make it satisfying vs. make it unsatisfying
The habit loop: Cue, craving, response, and reward
True or false: Desire comes before awareness. Ex: When you have a craving for chocolate. (Ch 21)
True
False
With a big enough "___", you can overcome any "how". Your actions reveal how badly you want something. (Ch 21)
When there's a disagreement between System 1 (emotions) and System 2 (rational thinking), which tends to win? Assume average willpower. (Ch 21)
Emotions
Rational thinking
Self-control is difficult because it is not intrinsically __________. There's no feedback after demonstrating self-control, unless you artificially make some. (Ch 21)
Fill in the blanks: Our expectations determine our satisfaction.
In particular, Satisfaction = _____ minus _____. (Ch 21)
Liking; Wanting
Wanting; Liking
Effort; Difficulty
Difficulty; Effort
Kim says she really wants to get a job, but she hasn't actually applied to any positions. What does this likely reveal about her? (Ch 21)
She must be really lazy.
She doesn't actually want a job that badly.
She must be too busy to apply for any jobs.
She's lying and has actually gotten 420 job offers already.
True or false: There are many situations where your situation changes, and you may need to modify and/or rebuild your systems, requiring willpower. (Criticisms)
True
False
Which of the following are examples of habits that should NOT be done daily (consistently)? 2 answers. (Criticisms)
Brushing your teeth
Intense weight training
Doing laundry
Sleeping on time
True or false: Willpower and self-control do not matter when trying to improve discipline. Restructuring the environment to avoid temptations is what matters. (Criticisms)
True
False
The habit loop consists of four phases. In order, what are they? (Summary)
The four laws of behavior change are: Make it ___, make it ___, make it ___, and make it ___. Match the order of cue, craving, response, and reward. (Summary)
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