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- 1. Open EndedMarvin goes on vacation to Maine and for a week eats nothing but seafood. The next week, he experiences intense pain in his big toe. He probably has
- 2. Open EndedThe ureter extends downward
- 3. Open EndedResults in a more dilute urine:
- 4. Open EndedResults in a more concentrated urine:
- 5. Open EndedLabel the parts of the urinary system and associated structures.
- 6. Open EndedSecretion of atrial natriuretic peptide
- 7. Open EndedIn which of the following regions of the nephron is water actively transported?
- 8. Open EndedThe micturition reflex center is in the
- 9. Open EndedAs a result of very low arterial blood pressure, glomerular hydrostatic pressure
- 10. Open EndedKidney shrinkage with age is due to
- 11. Open EndedThe relative concentration of potassium is
- 12. Open EndedMost hydrogen ions are secreted
- 13. Open EndedPart of the nephron:
- 14. Open EndedRenal vasculature:
- 15. Fill in the BlankThe ________ is the tube that conveys urine outside the body.
- 16. Open EndedDescribe the composition of glomerular filtrate.
- 17. Fill in the BlankThe renal corpuscle consists of a capillary bed called the _____________ and a capsule of epithelial cells.
- 18. Fill in the BlankThe __________________________ of blood forces water and solutes out of the blood and into the capsule.
- 19. Fill in the BlankGlomerular filtrate collects in the ________________________ before entering the first portion of the renal tubule, called the _____________ .
- 20. Fill in the BlankAfter flowing through the proximal tubule, fluid enters the ______________ which extends toward the renal papilla.
- 21. Fill in the BlankFluid in the __________________ would flow into a collecting duct.
- 22. Open EndedWhich of the following indicates the parts of a renal tubule in the correct sequence from beginning to end?
- 23. Open EndedLabel the blood vessels associated with the urinary system.
- 24. Open EndedCauses increased GFR:
- 25. Open EndedCauses decreased GFR:
- 26. Open EndedKidney stones are least likely to be composed of
- 27. Open EndedWhich of the following is correct concerning the location of the kidneys?
- 28. Open EndedWhat hormone is secreted by the kidneys?
- 29. Fill in the BlankRecall the definition of ________________ : the maintenance of a stable internal environment. The function of the kidneys is important in maintaining the internal environment.
- 30. Fill in the BlankAs water volume in the blood decreases and the osmolarity increases, the hormone _____ is released, causing the kidneys to retain water.
- 31. Fill in the BlankAs sodium levels of the blood decrease, the hormone _________________ is released. It causes an increase in sodium reabsorption by the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct.
- 32. Fill in the BlankAs blood pH decreases, the secretion of _______________ by the renal tubules increases, producing a more acidic urine.
- 33. Fill in the BlankOverall, the kidneys are able to handle each component independently. Those that are too abundant in the blood are _________ and those whose levels are dropping are _________________.
- 34. Open EndedA renal clearance test determines the rate at which the kidneys can
- 35. Open EndedAn increase in urine volume is termed
- 36. Open EndedWhich of the following would increase the rate of glomerular filtration?
- 37. Fill in the BlankAn increase in glomerular osmotic pressure ________ the rate of glomerular filtration.
- 38. Fill in the BlankThe renal medulla is composed of _____, whereas the renal cortex is composed of _____.
- 39. Open EndedWhich of the following is a normal constituent of urine?
- 40. Open EndedFiltration of fluids and solutes from plasma
- 41. Open EndedReceives the plasma filtrate
- 42. Open EndedReabsorption of nutrients, glucose, various ions, and water
- 43. Open EndedReabsorption of only water
- 44. Open EndedSelective reabsorption of sodium, potassium and chloride ions
- 45. Open EndedReabsorption of sodium, water, and secretion of hydrogen and potassium ions
- 46. Open EndedPlace the name of each compound in the correct location to illustrate the steps in the activation of the renin-angiotensin system.
- 47. Open EndedDefine incontinence.
- 48. Open EndedLabel the structures seen in the photomicrograph of the kidney.
- 49. Fill in the BlankWater channels in cell membranes formed by __________ are a result of ADH signaling in the kidneys.
- 50. Open EndedWhen plasma glucose concentration exceeds the renal plasma threshold,
- 51. Open EndedIncreases urine volume:
- 52. Open EndedDecreases urine volume:
- 53. Open EndedRenal secretion occurs as:
- 54. Open EndedAll substances filtered from the blood by the nephron are excreted in the urine.
- 55. Open EndedReabsorption in the kidney occurs when:
- 56. Open EndedWhat is the definition of renal filtration?
- 57. Open EndedThe layers of a ureter are
- 58. Open EndedA nephron consists of
- 59. Open EndedPlace the sequence of events describing proximal convoluted tubule reabsorption in the correct order.
- 60. Open EndedAthletes might abuse which of the following chemicals made in the urinary system to improve performance by increasing red blood cell production?
- 61. Open EndedPodocytes and pedicels are part of the
- 62. Open EndedThe organs of the urinary system are
- 63. Open EndedThe first capillary bed associated with the nephron
- 64. Open EndedThe urinary system is involved in the regulation of:
- 65. Open EndedPlace the labels in order, following the flow of blood through the kidney.
- 66. Fill in the BlankThe _______________ is the layer that contains the capillary beds that function to filter the blood, called _______________. Most renal tubules are located in this layer.
- 67. Fill in the BlankThe _________________ is the layer that contains the descending and ascending limbs of the ______________ that function in water and sodium reabsorption.
- 68. Fill in the BlankThe ____________ is the hollow portion of the kidney, filled with vessels, the renal calyces, and the renal pelvis.
- 69. Open EndedLabel the pressures involved in determining the net filtration rate at a glomerulus using the hints provided. Note that the length of the arrows is relative to the value of each pressure.
- 70. Open EndedLabel the structures of the renal corpuscle and juxtaglomerular apparatus.
- 71. Open EndedIndicate whether each of the following substances is reabsorbed from the filtrate or secreted into the filtrate.
- 72. Open EndedRenal function that is associated with urine production:
- 73. Open EndedRenal function that is NOT associated with urine production:
- 74. Fill in the BlankA renal corpuscle is a _____, whereas a renal tubule is a _____.
- 75. Open EndedWhen the urinary bladder becomes stretched, there is an increase in the frequency of action potentials traveling from:
- 76. Fill in the BlankIn response to activation of the micturition reflex, ______ stimulate the smooth muscle on the urinary bladder to contract.
- 77. Open EndedWhen urination is desired, decreased action potentials along which nerve pathway causes relaxation of the external urinary(urethral) sphincter?
- 78. Open EndedIf urination is not convenient, the brain sends impulses down the spinal cord to inhibit the micturition reflex.
- 79. Open EndedIncreases Filtration:
- 80. Open EndedDecreases filtration:
- 81. Open EndedNephron loop:
- 82. Open EndedVasa Recta:
- 83. Open EndedUrea is a byproduct of the metabolism of
- 84. Open EndedUric acid is a byproduct of the metabolism of
- 85. Open EndedCreatinine is a byproduct of the metabolism of
- 86. Fill in the BlankIf glucose is not reabsorbed in the tubular fluid ___________ increases.
- 87. Fill in the BlankThe ______________ acts as the countercurrent multiplier.
- 88. Fill in the BlankThe increase in osmolarity as filtrate moves down the descending limb is due to ________ moving out of the tubule.
- 89. Fill in the BlankThe decrease in osmolarity of the filtrate as it moves up the ascending limb is due to ___________ moving out of the tubule.
- 90. Fill in the BlankThe filtrate is ______________ at the tip of the nephron loop and _________________ at the end of the ascending limb.
- 91. Fill in the BlankThe concentration gradient found in the renal tubules is also found in the interstital fluid of the renal ______________.
- 92. Open EndedNocturnal enuresis is
- 93. Open EndedName the blood vessel that delivers blood to each glomerulus.
- 94. Open EndedThe hormone ADH promotes water reabsorption through the wall(s) of the
- 95. Open EndedWhen sodium ions are reabsorbed through the wall of the renal tubule by active transport, chloride ions are
- 96. Open EndedPlace the structures of the urinary tract in order, following the flow of urine.
- 97. Open EndedThe micturition reflex can be voluntarily controlled by the
- 98. Open EndedExtracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy is used to treat
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