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- 1. Multiple Choice
What are chromosomes made of?
Ribosomes
DNA
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
- 2. Multiple Choice
What is the function of the nucleus?
Makes proteins for the cell
Produces energy for the cell
Control center of the cell
Regulates what enters and exits the cell
- 3. Multiple Choice
What is the code for a specific trait?
A chromosome
An allele
A gene
DNA
- 4. Multiple ChoiceWhat is the monomer of nucleic acids?GlycerolMonosaccharidesAmino AcidsNucleotides
- 5. Multiple Choice
What are the components of a nucleotide?
nitrogenous base, phosphate group, and deoxyribose sugar
deoxyribose sugar, purine, and pyrimidine
nitrogenous base and a phosphate group
DNA, phosphate group, monosaccharide
- 6. Multiple ChoiceWhich sequence of DNA bases would pair with this partial strand
ATG TGA CAGATG TGA CAGTAC ACT GTCGTA AGT GACCAT TCA CTG - 7. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following units are repeatedly joined together to form a strand of DNA?amino acidsnucleotidesfatty acidspolysaccharides
- 8. Multiple Choice
In a molecule of double-stranded DNA, the amount of Adenine present is always equal to the amount ofcytosineguaninethymineuracil - 9. Multiple ChoiceGuanine bonds with ______________.AdenineGuanineCytosineThymine
- 10. Multiple ChoiceWhy is DNA important?it is very small and very complicatedit's in everythingit serves as the blueprint for traits of all living thingsbecause we eat it every day for energy
- 11. Multiple ChoiceWhat determines the code, or information, of a DNA molecule?the shape (structure) of the nitrogen basesthe order (sequence) of the nitrogen basesthe color of the nitrogen basesthe frequency (number) of nitrogen bases
- 12. Multiple ChoiceWatson and Crick were the first to suggest that DNA is _____a short moleculethe shape of a double helixa protein moleculethe genetic material
- 13. Multiple ChoiceWhich organelle is DNA usually found in?cell membranevacuolechloroplastnucleus
- 14. Multiple ChoiceName this structuredouble helixnucelotidetwisted ladderhydrogen bond
- 15. Multiple ChoiceNitrogenous bases are joined by which type of bond?polar bondsionic bondscovalent bondshydrogen bonds
- 16. Multiple ChoiceNucleotides are made up of a sugar, phosphate, and..?nitrogenous basenucleic acidcholesterolfatty acid
- 17. Multiple ChoiceWhich shows the correct complementary base pairing for DNA?C-A, T-GA-G, C-TC-G, U-AT-A, G-C
- 18. Multiple ChoiceWhat does DNA stand for?Deoxyribonucleic acidDenitrogenous acidDeribonucleic acidDiribonucleic acid
- 19. Multiple ChoiceIn a certain gene, 15% of the DNA is thymine, how much of it is adenine?15353070
- 20. Multiple ChoiceDNA Replication occurs in which phase of interphase?G1SG2Mitosis
- 21. Multiple ChoiceWho is responsible for producing this image?Francis CrickJames WatsonRosalind FranklinWatson and Crick
- 22. Multiple ChoiceThe work of scientists including Griffin, Avery, Hershey & Chase and Franklin helped us to determine the __ are responsible for carrying genetic material.Amino AcidsProteinsNucleic AcidsCarbohydrates
- 23. Multiple ChoiceFrom his work with mice and pneumonia-causing bacteria, Frederick Griffin discovered ________.ReplicationTranscriptionTransformationTranslation
- 24. Multiple ChoiceThe work of Erwin Chargaff allowed Watson and Crick to determine the rules of...protein synthesistranscriptionhydrogen bondingnitrogen base pairing
- 25. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following pairs identifies the PURINE nitrogen bases?Cytosine and ThymineAdenine and ThymineAdenine and GuanineCytosine and Guanine
- 26. Multiple ChoiceNitrogen bases attach to the deoxyribose sugar of a DNA molecule backbone.TrueFalse
- 27. Multiple ChoiceThe enzyme that constructs the new strand of DNA during replication is known as...DNA HelicaseDNA PolymeraseDNA LigaseRNA Polymerase
- 28. Multiple ChoiceReplication use___ to make more ___.DNA, RNARNA, RNADNA, DNADNA, Protein
- 29. Multiple ChoiceAccording to the semi-conservative model of DNA replication, two DNA molecules result, ___.Each strand with one new strand and one original strandEach with two new strandsOne with two new strands and one with both original strandsEach with two original strands
- 30. Multiple ChoiceWhat is the relationship between a protein, the cell, and DNA?DNA is produced by protein which is produced in the cellProtein is composed of DNA which is produced in the cellDNA controls the production of protein in the cellA cell is composed of DNA and protein
- 31. Multiple ChoiceIn RNA, Uracil pairs with ______.cytosineadenineguaninethymine
- 32. Multiple ChoiceThe process to go from DNA to mRNA is _______translationtranscriptionreplication
- 33. Multiple ChoiceThe process to go from mRNA to a protein is called ____transcriptionrRNAreplicationtranslation
- 34. Multiple ChoiceWhat process is going on in this photo?TranscriptionTranslationReplicationAll the above
- 35. Multiple ChoiceWhat is the location in the cell for translation?nucleusmitochondriaribosomechloroplast
- 36. Multiple ChoiceHow many amino acids are coded for by this sequence of nucleotides:
ATG GGA ACT CCA42612 - 37. Multiple ChoiceWhat is the three base sequence of mRNA that codes for a single amino acid?AnticodonCodonProtein
- 38. Multiple ChoiceThe mRNA leaves the ________ to find the ribosome to make proteins.cellnucleotidenucleus
- 39. Multiple Choice
A small organelle in the cell on which proteins are assembled, It is a type of protein.
Mitochondria
Ribosome
Nucleus
Lysosome
- 40. Multiple ChoiceWhich statement is describing the process of protein synthesis?DNA is copied into mRNA which is translated into proteinDNA is copied into DNADNA is copied into lysosome
- 41. Multiple ChoiceContains the bases adenine, uracil, cytosine and guanineDNARNABoth
- 42. Multiple Choice
Transcribe the following DNA strand: CTG AAT
GAC TTA
CTG AAT
GAC UUA
CUG AAU
- 43. Multiple Choice
Which one of the following is not a pyrimidine structure?
Cytosine
Thymine
Uracil
Adenine
- 44. Multiple Choice
Which one of the following is not true of purines?
Purines are single ring-shaped molecules that belong to the macromolecule group of nucleic acids
Purines consist of adenine and guanine
Purines are the nitrogenous base of both DNA and RNA
Purines pair with Pyrmidines in the sequences of DNA and RNA
- 45. Multiple Choice
Which of the following element(s) are found in nucleic acids?
carbon/hydrogen
oxygen
phosphorus
nitrogen
sulfur
- 46. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is NOT one of the three groups comprising the nucleotide?
R group
phosphate
nitrogenous base
pentose sugar
- 47. Multiple Choice
Which of the following describes the difference between a purine and a pyrimidine?
Purines are single ring structures while pyrimidines are double ring structures.
Pyrimidines are single ring structures while purines are double ring structures.
Purines are composed of single bonds while pyrimidines are composed of double bonds.
Pyrimidines are composed of single bonds while purines are composed of double bonds.
- 48. Multiple Choice
Which of the following are pyrimidines?
adenine
cytosine
guanine
thymine
uracil
- 49. Multiple Choice
Which of the following are purines?
adenine
cytosine
guanine
thymine
uracil
- 50. Multiple ChoiceIn a strand of DNA, if it contains 20% of Thymine, then how much Guanine would be present?30%20%80%10%
- 51. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following best describes a DNA molecule?double helixcontains ribosemade of amino acidscontains Uracil
- 52. Multiple ChoiceWhat is the process of turning DNA into mRNA?Central DogmaTranscriptionTranslationTrapezoid
- 53. Multiple ChoiceEvery three letters (example: ATC) in DNA codes for what??Amino AcidNucleotideLipidCarbohydrate
- 54. Multiple ChoiceDNA is turned to RNA and then to Protein is called what?Central DogmaDNARNATheory of Everything
- 55. Multiple Choice
chargaff said that..
A to T , G to C
G to C , A to C
G to A , A to C
biology is hard
- 56. Multiple Choice
where is the site of translation ?
ribosomes
telomerase
helicase
primase
- 57. Multiple Choice
What is the order for Protein Synthesis?
Transcription -> Translation -> Protein
Translation - > Transcription -> Protein
Protein -> Transcription -> Translation
Translation -> Protein -> Transcription
- 58. Multiple ChoiceWhat amino acid is represented by the codon UUA?PhenylalanineTyrosineLeucineStop codon
- 59. Multiple ChoiceWhat are 3 types of RNA?mRNA, tRNA, rRNAaRNA, fRNA, mRNATRNA, MRNA, RRNAMRNA, ARNA, FRNA, MRNA
- 60. Multiple Choice
The polymer called Nucleic Acids are made of the monomers....
Nucleotides
Amino Acids
Glucose/Monosaccharides
Glycerol
Fatty Acids
- 61. Multiple Choice
The polymer called Proteins are made of the monomers....
Nucleic Acids
Amino Acids
Glucose/Monosaccharides
Glycerol
Fatty Acids
- 62. Multiple Choice
The monomer Amino acids make up the polymer....
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates
- 63. Multiple ChoiceWhat are the monomers of DNA?glycerolsamino acidsfatty acidsnucleotides
- 64. Multiple ChoiceWhat is the monomer of a protein?amino acidmonosaccharidefatty acidnucleic acid
- 65. Multiple Choice
Which of the following describes the secondary structure of proteins?
The sequence of amino acids
The α-helix and β-pleated sheet folding
The folding of the polypeptide chain due to the 'R' groups
The joining of different protein molecules to make one big molecule
- 66. Multiple Choice
What is a of the functionsof a protein?
cell energy
structure
long term energy storage
contain genetic information
- 67. Multiple ChoiceThe name of the initial chain of monomers in a protein is called.....polypeptidepolysaccharidepolyesterpolynucleotide
- 68. Multiple Choice
Why is folding so important in proteins?
It gives them a unique, 3-D functional shape
It makes them look tidier
It makes every protein molecule different from the next even if they are the same type
The folding is random so is not that important at all
- 69. Multiple Choice
The main bonding in the secondary structure of a protein is due to.....
covalent bonding
ionic bonding
hydrogen bonding
polar bonding
- 70. Multiple Choice
The tertiary structure folding in proteins is primary due to the interactions of....
the 'R' groups
the 'P' groups
the 'A' groups
the 'S'
- 71. Multiple Choice
What is it called when the unique 3-D shape of a protein has been disrupted or 'unravelled'?
Denaturation
Deproteination
Decoupling
Depeptidasing
- 72. Multiple Choice
Shape is essential for a protein to be functional?
- 73. Multiple Choice
Which of the following give a protein its unique 3-D shape? (3)
the unique sequence of amino acids in the primary structure
hydrogen bonding to form alpha-helixes and beta-pleated sheets in the secondary structure.
unique interactions between the 'R' groups in the tertiary structure
random folding due to temperature and extreme pH throughout the folding process
unique sequence of monosaccharides in the quaternary structure
- 74. Multiple Choice
The amino acid sequence of each polypeptide that determines what three-dimensional shape in turn determines a protein's
Function
Structure
Fate
Limitations
Location
- 75. Multiple Choice
Proteins that are roughly spherical
globular proteins
fibrous proteins
enzymatic proteins
storage proteins
motor proteins
- 76. Multiple Choice
What is a virus that infects bacteria called?
bacteriophage
infectious virus
transformation
gene change
- 77. Multiple Choice
Which of the following best describes the arrangement of the sides of the DNA molecule
Bonding
Alternating
Anitparallel
Parallel
- 78. Multiple Choice
DNA polymerase moves in the _________ to ____________ direction
3' to 5'
easiest
5" to 3"
9 to 5
- 79. Multiple Choice
Enzyme that breaks hydrogen bonds (unzips)
Ligase
Polymerase
Primase
Helicase
- 80. Multiple Choice
When using your codon chart, what sequence can you use to find the correct amino acid?
DNA
mRNA
tRNA
Any of these will do
- 81. Multiple Choice
How many nucleotides make up a codon?
1
3
5
15
- 82. Multiple Choice
On which molecule can an anticodon be found?
mRNA
DNA
tRNA
rRNA
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