I had students complete a survey instrument

I lectured with at least 15 minutes of time devoted to recitation or asking questions designed to check student individual understanding of material.

I led a class discussion focused on a visual/audio stimulus (e.g., a picture, cartoon, song)

I had students engage in a brainstorming activity (i.e., a group activity designed to generate as many ideas as possible) facilitating participation by every student.

I assigned a short writing activity that was followed by at least 15 minutes of class discussion.

I assigned an in-class reading activity with respect to individual learners capability that was followed by a significant class discussion lasting 15 minutes or more.

I assigned a small group discussion or project (e.g., case study work)

I had students complete a problem solving game or simulation in groups

I assigned individual student presentations (e.g., speeches, reports)

I assigned a student-centered class discussion (e.g., students developed the questions and lead the discussion that followed)

I led a role playing activity