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- 1. Multiple Choice
The diagram below shows how a paramecium maintains homeostasis. A paramecium normally lives in a hypotonic environment in which water continually diffuses into the cell. To maintain homeostasis, the paramecium must pump out large amounts of water using its contractile vacuole.
If the paramecium is then places in a hypertonic environment, which of the following will occur?
water will diffuse into the paramecium
water will diffuse out of the paramecium
salt will be pumped out of the paramecium by the vacuole
salt will be pumped into the paramecium by the vacuole
- 2. Multiple Choice
Which of these statements best explains the process of energy conversion that takes place in the mitochondria?
energy is required for carbon dioxide molecules to form six-carbon sugar molecules
water molecules and radiant energy are necessary for anaerobic respiration to take place
oxygen molecules release energy in the form of heat during combustion reactions
the energy in the bonds of glucose molecules is transferred to the phosphate bonds in ATP
- 3. Multiple Choice
Which cellular process takes place in the ribosomes that are bound to the endoplasmic reticulum?
the breakdown of waste material
the conversion of radiant energy to glucose
the synthesis of new proteins
the replication of nucleic acide
- 4. Multiple Choice
Which group of organelles is directly responsible for the production of new molecules within a cell?
Ribosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatuses
Golgi apparatuses, lysosomes, and the plasma membrane
The endoplasmic reticulum, plastids, and vacuoles
The nucleolus, vacuoles, and ribosomes
- 5. Multiple Choice
The cellular process known as a sodium-potassium pump was discovered in the 1950's by Jens Christian Skou, a Danish scientist. This process is a form of active transport that moves three sodium ions to the outside of a cell for every two potassium ions that it moves into the cell. Which of these best explains why energy is needed for active transport?
Ions are negatively charged
Ions are attached to large proteins
Ions are trapped inside the plasma membrane
Ions are moved against the concentration gradient.
- 6. Multiple Choice
Cells can generate as many as 36 - 38 molecules of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from the metabolism of one molecule of glucose. Which cellular process results in this amount of ATP production
Anaerobic cellular respiration
Protein synthesis
Aerobic cellular respirtaion
Photosynthesis
- 7. Multiple Choice
Some students used vinegar to dissolve away the shells of three eggs and used these eggs as models of human red blood cells. The students observed the changes in the eggs when they were places in different solutions.
Which statement best describes the role of the cell membrane in this model?
The cell membrane is an impermeable barrier that prevents water from entering the cell
The cell membrane allows solutes to enter the cell, which causes the cell to shrink.
The cell membrane allows water to enter and leave the cell.
The cell membrane removes solutes from the environment.
- 8. Multiple Choice
In the early 1900s a scientist hypothesized a link between DNA and the production of proteins in the cytoplasm. However, the fact that DNA could not be found outside the nucleus led scientists to believe that another substance was also involved int he synthesis of protein in the cytoplasm. In the 1940's scientists performed an experiment that ultimately identified the site of protein synthesis. They also identified the molecule responsible for transporting information from the nucleus to the site of protein synthesis. What was this newly identified molecule?
a gene
mRNA
ATP
Thymine
- 9. Multiple Choice
This diagram shows cellular activity across a cell membrane. Which two processes does this diagram most directly model?
Energy conversions and synthesis of new molecules
Synthesis of new molecules and homeostasis
Transport of molecules and energy conversions
Homeostasis and transport of molecules
- 10. Multiple Choice
Which molecule synthesized by plants is a major source of energy for cellular processes in both plants and animals?
wax
nucleic acid
glucose
chlorophyll
- 11. Multiple Choice
The picture shows a contractile vacuole of a unicellular freshwater organism. The contractile vacuole regulates the flow of water into and out of the cell in an aquatic environment. What conditions cause the contractile vacuole to fill with water?
the concentration of water is greater outside the cell than inside the cell
the temperature of water in the vacuole is higher than the temperature of its environment
the concentration of water inside the cell is the same as the concentration outside the cell
the temperature of water in the vacuole is lower than the temperature of its environment
- 12. Multiple Choice
The diagram illustrates the activity of vesicles during a cellular process. Which statement best explains the function of the vesicles?
Delivering packaged materials to the Golgi apparatus for protein synthesis
Exchanging genetic information between the Golgi apparatuses of separate cells
Extracting portions of the Golgi apparatus to be regenerated for growth within the cell
Transporting packaged molecules from the Golgi apparatus to be released out of the cell
- 13. Multiple Choice
When mammals get an infection, their internal body temperature often rises 2 to 3 degrees Celsius. The body gets the energy it needs to react to an infection by -
increasing the rate of cellular division
decreasing the rate of glucose movement into the cell
increasing the rate of cellular respiration in mitochondria
decreasing the rate at which carbon dioxide is removed from the cell
- 14. Multiple Choice
A type of cellular transport is shown. Which description best identifies this type of cellular transport?
Active transport, because energy is being used to move molecules against the concentration gradient
Facilitated diffusion, because energy is being used to move molecules with the concentration gradient
Osmosis, because energy is not being used to move molecules with the concentration gradient
Endocytosis, because energy is not being used to move molecules against the concentration gradient
- 15. Multiple Choice
The diagram shows molecules that a mitochondrion uses and produces during a cellular process. Which other molecules is a product of this process?
DNA
RNA
C6H12O6
ATP
- 16. Multiple Choice
In a study of physical endurance, researches observed significant increases in the heart rates and breathing rates of participants immediately after they engaged in strenuous exercise. Which statement best explains the increase in the heart rate and the breathing rate during exercise?
The water concentration in the blood increases
Body cells require increased oxygen as energy is expended
Muscle cells increase in temperature and require fluid to reduce the temperature
An increase in muscle activity causes increases in glucose levels in red blood cells
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