If a protocol keeps no information after processing each packet/segment/request, it is called a stateless protocol.

Which protocols are stateless?

Which components use retransmission timers?

A web browser sets up a TCP connection to fetch data from a web server.

Assuming HTTP/1.0 is in use: a single TCP segment sent by the browser can carry 2 HTTP requests

A web browser sets up a TCP connection to fetch data from a web server.

Assuming HTTP/1.1 is in use: a single TCP segment sent by the browser can carry 2 HTTP requests.

Our department owns the DNS domain cs.ucla.edu, and the IP address block 131.179/16 (i.e all the IP addresses between 131.179.0.0 to 131.179.255.255).

Any host with a DNS name xxx.cs.ucla.edu can be reached by an IP address in the 131.179/16 block.

Our department owns the DNS domain cs.ucla.edu, and the IP address block 131.179/16 (i.e all the IP addresses between 131.179.0.0 to 131.179.255.255).

Any host with an IP address in the 131.179/16 block has a DNS name that is served by cs.ucla.edu domain’s authoritative servers.

A TCP connection is established between nodes A and B, as such each of them holds multiple pieces of connection state information (such as the sequence number of latest acknowledgment sent/received, flow control window size, etc).

________is used when speed is the primary importance, such as real-time video

conferencing, streaming audio and video, Voice Over IP (VOIP), music, and online games.

What is the purpose of an NS DNS record type?

What advantages does Anycast routing provide over Unicast for CDNs?