Vertical (up and down) movements of solid rock in the Earth's mantle caused by heat transfer.

Horizontal (right and left) movements of molten rock in the Earth's core caused by gravitational forces.

Circular movements of molten rock in the Earth's mantle caused by heat transfer.

Circular movements of molten rock in the Earth's crust caused by tectonic plates.

Heat is generated from chemical reactions in the mantle

Heat is generated from the inner core

Heat is generated from the outer core

Heat is generated from the friction of solid and liquid rocks in the mantle

The sun heats up the magma through radiation which causes it to rise and sink.

Hot magma rises and cooler magma sinks due to differences in density.

The magma touches the inner core of Earth through conduction which heats it up and causes differences in density.

Cold magma rises and hot magma sinks due to differences in density.

Towards the bottom of the layer

Towards the top of the layer

All of the liquid is the same density no matter what

We do not have enough information on this process to know

Towards the bottom of the layer

Towards the top of the layer

All of the liquid is the same density no matter what

We do not have enough information on this process to know

Gravity has no role in convection.

Gravity only affects solids in convection.

Gravity causes convection to stop.

Gravity causes fluids to circulate in convection.

Convection currents pull the tectonic plates and cause their movement.

Convection currents have no role in the movement of tectonic plates.

Convection currents push the tectonic plates and cause their movement.

Convection currents only affect the temperature of the tectonic plates.

They cause the crust to move which can result in various geological phenomena such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and mountains.

They cause the crust to become smoother or more rigid over time.

They lead to the formation of oceans and discoveries of new never before seen life forms.

They have no effect on the crust, only the mantle.

Cooling off a cup of hot coffee by blowing on it

Melting of ice cubes in a glass of water

Lighting a candle wick which causes the wax to melt around it

Rising of hot water and sinking of cold water in a boiling pot

To the left

They will separate

They will come together

To the right