Different ____________ can be written to implement the same algorithm.

An algorithm will be used to calculate the difference between the smallest and largest values in a list. For the list of [10, 3, 5, 6], it should calculate a difference of 7.

There are two proposals for the algorithm:

Algorithm 1:

Set minVal to the first value in the list and maxVal to the last value in the list.

Iterate through each number in the list.

If the number is greater than maxVal, store it in maxVal.

If the number is less than minVal, store it in minVal.

After loop, set maxDiff to the difference between maxVal and minVal.

Algorithm 2:

Set minVal to 1000 and maxVal to 0.

Iterate through each number in the list.

If the number is greater than maxVal, store it in maxVal.

If the number is less than minVal, store it in minVal.

After loop, set maxDiff to the difference between maxVal and minVal.

Which of these statements are true about these algorithms?

I. Algorithm 1 does not work on lists where the smallest value is at the start of the list or the largest value is at the end of the list.

II. Algorithm 2 does not work on lists that contain all negative numbers or all numbers over 1000.

The flow chart above visualizes an algorithm to generate the "hailstone sequence", an interesting series of numbers.

If the variable n starts off as 5, what would be displayed as a result of executing this algorithm?

*MOD means the remainder

"______ encryption is a method of encryption involving one key for both encryption and decryption."

Which of the following describe an algorithm?

👁️Note that there may be multiple answers to this question.

Choose all answers that apply:

Which of the following best describes an algorithm?

👁️Note that there may be multiple answers to this question.

Choose all answers that apply:

The flow chart below visualizes an algorithm to generate the Fibonacci numbers, a famous mathematical sequence.

If the variable max is set to 5, what would be displayed as a result of executing this algorithm?

____________ is the repetition part of an algorithm until a condition is met or for a specified number of times.

____________ is the application of each step of an algorithm in the order in which the statements are given.

Choose the answer that is NOT a feature of Public Key Cryptography:

A programmer wants to present their idea for an algorithm at a company meeting. They're debating whether to express the algorithm in flow charts, pseudocode, or a programming language.

Which of these is a good argument for expressing the algorithm in a flow chart at the company meeting?

The following algorithm computes the maximum score for a list of final exam scores.

Initialize a variable max to the first score in the list.

For each score in the list, compare the score to max.

If score is greater than max, store score in max

Return max.

Which building blocks are involved in this algorithm?

The flow chart above visualizes the steps of an algorithm:

What would be displayed as a result of executing this algorithm?

Ryland is creating an article about commonly used compression algorithms for an online educational site.

He's debating whether to express each algorithm in natural language, flow charts, pseudocode, or C++, a general-purpose programming language.

Which of these is a good argument for expressing the algorithm in pseudocode?

If an algorithm was written in one the following, which would typically make reading the algorithm the easiest?

The algorithm below determines whether a given year is a leap year.

If year is not divisible by 4, set leap_year to false

Else if year is not divisible by 100, set leap_year to true

Else if year is not divisible by 400, set leap_year to false

Else, set leap_year to true.

Which of these tables correctly shows the results of this algorithm on the given values of year?

__________________ is used prevalently on the web, it allows for secure messages to be sent between parties without having to agree on, or share, a secret key. It uses an encryption scheme in which the encryption key is made public, but the decryption key is kept private.

Algorithms with a polynomial efficiency or slower (constant, linear, square, cube, etc.) are said to run in a ______ amount of time.

Which of the following best describes high-level computing languages?

Matching pennies is a game where players are awarded points based on whether their coins match.

Here's an algorithm that simulates one round of the game:

Randomly set coin1 to either "heads" or "tails" Randomly set coin2 to either "heads" or "tails" If coin1 matches coin2, increment score1 by 1 Otherwise, increment score2 by 1

Imagine that the algorithm is repeated three times to simulate three rounds of the game. This table shows the values for the coin variables in each round:

Which of the following best describes the need for using cryptography in data communications?

Moore’s Law describes the rate at which the number of transistors on a single chip doubles over time. Which of the following assumptions CANNOT be inferred as a direct consequence of this rate of doubling?

Consider a robot that is initially facing north in a 5-by-5 grid, as shown in the diagram above. A program segment has been written to move the robot to the upper-right corner where it should face west.

The following program segment is intended to move a robot from the starting position to the ending position as shown above. However, the program segment does not work correctly.

Which 2 lines of code in the segment above must be switched in order for the program to correctly move a robot from the starting position to the ending position?

The code snippet is the first answer choice btw

Whenever you generalize a variety of related problems and develop a common solution that can be applied to solve any of them, you are using the technique called:

Which is true about a linear search?

Which of the following statements best describes the properties of public key encryption?

When taking a natural language or pseudocode algorithm and translating it into programming language code, which of the following is true?

Which is true about a binary search?

Used in public key encryption, ____________________ Encryption is a scheme in which the key to encrypt data is different from the key to decrypt.

Which of the following is a phase of the Development Process?

Using the flowchart above, what value when entered for Y will generate a mathematical error and prevent our flowchart from being completely executed?

A standard deck of playing cards contains 52 cards, with each card being one of four

suits: SPADES, HEARTS, CLUBS, and DIAMONDS. Each suit is represented by 13 cards whose

values include ACE, TWO, THREE, FOUR, FIVE, SIX, SEVEN, EIGHT, NINE, TEN, JACK, QUEEN,

and KING. Consider the following two algorithms that are intended to find the card representing

the "TEN of HEARTS" in a randomly shuffled deck and separate it from the other 51 cards in the

deck.

Algorithm A

Step 1:Pick up the shuffled deck of cards.

Step 2:Look at the topmost card in your hands.

Step 3:If the card's suit is a HEART, place the card on top of the pile to your left.

Step 4:Otherwise, place the card on top of the pile to your right.

Step 5:Repeat steps 2 through 4 until you are no longer holding any cards.

Step 6:Pick up the cards in the pile to your: left.

Step 7:Look at the topmost card in your hands.

Step 8:If the card's value is a TEN, place all other cards in your hands on top of the pile to your right.

Step 9:Otherwise, place the card on top of the pile to your right.

Step 10:Repeat steps 7 through 9 until you are holding only one card.

Step 11:The only card in your hand is the TEN of HEARTS.

Algorithm B

Step 1:Pick up the shuffled deck of cards.

Step 2:Look at the topmost card in your hands.

Step 3:If the card's suit is a HEART or the card's value is a TEN, place all other cards in your hands on top of the pile to your right.

Step 4:Otherwise, place the card on top of the pile to your right.

Step 5:Repeat steps 2 through 4 until you are holding only one card.

Step 6:The only card in your hand is the TEN of HEARTS.

A network of tiny electrical switches is called a _______________

Which of the following best describes an undecidable problem?

To determine the best route to take on a recent trip, a maps application gave the user three options based on traffic patterns, road construction, and roadways. Choosing the best alternative among the three possible routes is considered which of the following?

A standard deck of playing cards contains 52 cards, with each card being one of four suits: SPADES, HEARTS, CLUBS, and DIAMONDS. Each suit is represented by 13 cards whose values include ACE, TWO, THREE, FOUR, FIVE, SIX, SEVEN, EIGHT, NINE, TEN, JACK, QUEEN, and KING. Consider the following two algorithms that are intended to find the card representing the “TEN of HEARTS” in a randomly shuffled deck and separate it from the other 51 cards in the deck.

Algorithm A

Step 1: Pick up the shuffled deck of cards. Step 2: Look at the topmost card in your hands. Step 3: If the card suit is a HEART, place the card on top of the pile to your left. Step 4: Otherwise, place the card on top of the pile to your right. Step 5: Repeat steps 2 through 4 until you are no longer holding any cards. Step 6: Pick up the cards in the pile to your: left. Step 7: Look at the topmost card in your hands. Step 8: If the card value is TEN, place all other cards in your hands on top of the pile to your right. Step 9: Otherwise, place the card on top of the pile to your right. Step 10: Repeat steps 7 through 9 until you are holding only one card. Step 11: The only card in your hand is the TEN of HEARTS.

Algorithm B

Step 1: Pick up the shuffled deck of cards. Step 2: Look at the topmost card in your hands. Step 3: If the card suit is a HEART or the card's value is a TEN, place all other cards in your hands on top of the pile to your right. Step 4: Otherwise, place the card on top of the pile to your right. Step 5: Repeat steps 2 through 4 until you are holding only one card. Step 6: The only card in your hand is the TEN of HEARTS.

Which of the following is the most important thing to consider when picking the language to be used to turn an algorithm into a computer program?

The following set of instructions represent what kind of flow pattern?

Dump cereal in bowl

Pour milk in bowl

Eat cereal and milk

Place spoon and bowl in dishwasher

If score starts out as 10 at the beginning of a program, according to the flowchart, what will score be at the end?

Consider constructing an algorithm for a robot that can only perform the following three pre-defined operations.

MOVE_FORWARD(): The robot moves one square forward in the direction it is facing.

ROTATE_LEFT(): The robot rotates in place 90 degrees counterclockwise (i.e., makes an in place left turn).

ROTATE_RIGHT(): The robot rotates in place 90 degrees clockwise (i.e., makes an in-place right turn).

Which of the following algorithms will successfully cause the robot to trace out a square-shaped path, with the robot ending up in its original position and facing in its original direction?

A(n) _______ problem is a decision problem for which an algorithm can be written to produce a correct output for all inputs (e.g., “Is the number even?”).

Laquan is writing a program to calculate the perimeter of a rectangle, based on this formula:

P = 2l + 2w

P=2l+2w

P, equals, 2, l, plus, 2, w

The program starts with this code:

length ← 120

width ← 13

Which lines of code successfully calculate the perimeter?

👁️Note that there may be multiple answers to this question.

Choose all answers that apply:

Choose all answers that apply:

A(n) ______is a collection of program statements that are part of a program

What is the output of the code above?

Nikki read that it's healthy to take 10,000 steps every day. She's curious how many steps that'd be per minute, walking from 10AM to 10PM, and is writing a program to figure it out.

The program starts with this code:

stepsPerDay ← 10000

hoursAwake ← 12

Which lines of code successfully calculate and store the steps per minute?

👁️Note that there may be multiple answers to this question.

Choose all answers that apply:

Choose all answers that apply:

_________ should also be added to any blocks of code that may be ambiguous or hard to understand and need further explanation.

What is output from the code above?

What is the output?

A(n) ____ is associated with an action and supplies input data to a program.

_____ is data sent from a program to a device.

What is the output of the code?

A variable

What is the output of the code above?

Data sent to a computer for processing by a program is called ________.

What type of input asks the user for information, provides an avenue for the user to type, called a text box, and waits for the user to type the information?

Combining multiple join blocks allows for ______ several strings of text together with one statement.

What will be displayed?

What is output by the following pseudocode?

set a to -14

repeat 3 times

change a by 12

say a

How are the statements in a program processed?

What is output by the following pseudocode?

set d to 100

repeat until d < 71

change d by -7

say d

What is output by the following pseudocode?

set a to 63

repeat 4 times

change a by -7

say a

What is output by the code below?

set x to 65

say (x > 30 and x < 90)

What is output by the following pseudocode?

set c to 1

repeat until c > 49

change c by 8

say c

What is output by the following pseudocode?

set e to 150

set count to 0

repeat until e < 75

if e > 100

change e by -20

else

change e by -5

change count by 1

say count

What is ouptut by the following psuedoccode?

set a to 100

if a > 99

say "abc"

say "def"

What is output by the code below?

say("left" = "right" OR False = False)

What is output by the following pseudocode?

set f to 1

set g to 0

repeat until f > 16

change g by f

change f by 7

say g

Convert 75₁₀ to a binary number.

The answer is _____ base 2.

Convert 84₁₀ to binary.

84 = ________

How many outcomes are in a byte?

There are _____ outcomes in a byte.

Convert 47₁₀ to a binary number.

The answer is _____ base 2

How many outcomes are in a nibble? (Hint: a nibble has 4 bits)

A nibble has _____ outcomes.

Convert 101101₂ to a decimal based number.

A popular music streaming service keeps count of how many times a certain song is played since the service had started. The counter updates immediately after a song is played. On one occasion, a negative 3 digit number was showing for the total times a certain song was played, while all the others were showing correct. Which selection below best explains what probably occured?

Which of the following is an example of a nibble?

A bit is 1 binary value, a nibble is 4 bits, and 8 bits makes a byte. What is the largest number you can make with a nibble?

Select the best description of a binary digit.

Convert 0011 1000₂ to a base ten number.

The answer is _____ base 10

Convert 93₁₀ to a binary number.

The answer is _____ base 2

Blender is a free application for creating 3D computer graphics and animations.

Here's an example of a modeling project:

Screenshot of Blender

Blender is released under the GNU General Public License, an open source license. Here is their website's description of that license:

This license grants people a number of freedoms:

You are free to use Blender, for any purpose

You are free to distribute Blender

You can study how Blender works and change it

You can distribute changed versions of Blender

The GPL strictly aims at protecting these freedoms, requiring everyone to share their modifications when they also share the software in public.

What is an implication of Blender's open source license?

A programmer is designing a computer program for a weather application that will use a variety of data sources. They want to understand which data sources are analog so that they can think carefully about the process of converting the analog data into digital data.

Which of these data sources is analog? Choose 1 answer:

A math student is writing code to verify their project answers:

sideLength ← 6

area ← (SQRT(3) / 4) * (sideLength * sideLength)

That code relies on a built-in procedure SQRT() that calculates the square root of a number. After running the code, area stores 15.588457268119894.

Their classmates runs the same calculation on their own computer. Their program results in an area of 15.58845726804.

The two values are very close, but not quite the same.

Which of these is the most likely explanation for the difference?

Choose 1 answer:

Convert 107₁₀ to a binary number.

The answer is ______ base 2

TIS-620 is a character encoding that can encode Thai text files. The encoding is based on the ASCII standard but includes mappings for the letters of the Thai alphabet.

This table shows the mapping for five of the letters:

According to TIS-620 , what is the binary encoding of the Thai word "พนา"?

Note that the Thai language is written from left to right, like the English language.

You're playing around with an old computer that only accepts binary numbers as input.

How would you enter the decimal number 73 into the old computer?

Type the binary number with a space between nibbles and leading zeros.

Nuru writes this code to calculate the final cost of an item with a discount applied:

price ← 0.7

discount ← 0.2

final ← price - discount

They're surprised to see that final stores the value 0.49999999999999994 instead of 0.5.

What is the best explanation for that result?

Convert 156₁₀ to a binary number.

The answer is _____ base 2

Consider a computer that uses 4 bits to represent positive integers and uses all 4 bits to represent the value.

Which of the following operations would result in integer overflow?

👁️Note that there may be multiple answers to this question.

Railways have devices called "axle counters" that count up how many train axles have passed by, and helps decide if a train has fully passed part of a track.

However, because of a bug in the design of the axle counter logic, a train that has exactly 256 axles will result in a count of 0, and its existence will be ignored. Thus, trains that run on these buggy railways must have less than 256 axles.

What is the most likely cause of this bug?

A programmer is writing the code for a sports website that will use a variety of data sources. They want to understand which data sources are analog so that they can think carefully about the process of converting the analog data into digital data.

Which of these data sources is analog?

Which of the following decimal (base-10) values is equivalent to the binary (base-2) value 101001?

The owner of a pet store wants to determine how many fish she can keep in a given aquarium before the population becomes too overcrowded for the fish to survive. Rather than risking the lives of actual fish, she decides to simulate an aquarium with a program in order to determine its maximum capacity. Which of the following would NOT be a useful factor to include when modeling the properties of the simulated tank and fish population?

What value does the code segment display?

Sometimes we care about the order of a list, and need to reorder the items according to a condition (alphabetical, numerical, etc). An algorithm finds the minimum value in the list and swaps it with the value in the first position, then repeats these steps for the remainder of the list, swapping with the second position, then the third position and so forth. What type of sorting is this?

The procedure check is called in a program after each time a True or False question is answered. If the user types in True True False True as their answers for four questions on a quiz, what should their overall score be?

Assuming that the list newAnimals has the beginning values of beaver cat snake, what would the newAnimals list contain after the following code segment is run?

The list mine is initialized with the values – green, red, blue, purple, yellow, black– and the list yours is initialized with the values – green, red, black, blue. What will be displayed after the following code segment runs?

ASCII is a character-encoding scheme that uses 7 bits (8 bits if you are using the extended ASCII table) to represent each character. The decimal (base 10) values 65 through 90 represent the capital letters A through Z, as shown in the table:

Which ASCII character is represented by the binary (base 2) number 1000001?

While running this code segment, the user enters the following values when prompted: pizza yes bread no. What is stored in the list called grocery after the block of code is executed?

If the procedure check is supposed to compare the two provided numbers, value1 and value2, what change needs to be made for the procedure to work as intended?

Consider the following:0110 1011 0010 1011

This sequence represents (choose the best option)

Using the table given below, determine the ASCII to binary code conversion for the word science.

What is the binary equivalent to the decimal number of 78?

The block of code is in a video game to keep track of the name of the high scorer. What needs to be changed in the code so that it works as intended, assuming number is the score of a person at the end of the game, highscore is the previous high score, scoreboard is the list that contains the results and index 1 contains the name of the person that previously scored the high score?

Assume that x is 6 at the beginning of the loop. How many times will the loop iterate?

What type of programming structure is being used in the section of code marked with an arrow?

Which of the following is a programming situation where a fixed-point representation would be a better choice than a floating-point representation? Select two answers:

The Special Pets Adoption Agency has hired your programming team to write a program that will keep track of all of the pets they have ever placed into adoption. Each pet is given a classification of type of animal, gender, age and color. What could be a benefit of storing these animals and their classifications as lists in the program you create instead of individual variables?

Select two answers.

Which of the following decimal values, when converted to binary (ignore leading zeros) have exactly 3 zeros in them?

Select two answers.

Chad has written the majority of his code in Scratch and is ready to start thinking of test cases to make sure that his program functions properly, and when issues arise, fix them. Chad is also going to show his program to his classmate and ask for any feedback or changes he could add to make his program better. This process is known as what?

Which of the below options would be the best set of instructions to give for a program designed in Scratch?

Which of the following would be the most appropriate name for a variable?

Which of the following values is displayed if the user inputs the following list of values for each prompt:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 15

Assuming that before this code is run, x = 1. What would be displayed at the end?

What is output by the following pseudocode?

set a to 60

repeat 2 times

change a by 10

say a

Lillie is writing a program that calculates geometry formulas.

Her procedure calcDistance should return the distance between two points, based on the Pythagorean distance formula:

This is the code of the procedure with line numbers:

PROCEDURE calcDistance (x1, y1, x2, y2) { xDiff ← x2 - x1 yDiff ← y2 - y1 sum ← POW(xDiff, 2) + POW(yDiff, 2) distance ← SQRT(sum) }

The procedure relies on two provided functions, POW which returns a number raised to an exponent, and SQRT which returns the square root of a number.

This procedure is missing a return statement, however.

What is output by the following code? (Or write the word error , if a problem exists.)

define getChange(cost, paid){

DISPLAY(paid – cost);

}

paid = 5.00;

price = 2.35;

getChange()

The output is

Phoebe is holding a pie eating party and is writing a program to help her determine what ice cream to pair with each pie.

IF (pie = "apple")

{

iceCream ← "caramel"

}

ELSE

{

IF (pie = "razzleberry")

{

iceCream ← "cinnamon"

}

ELSE

{

IF (pie = "peach")

{

iceCream ← "nutmeg"

}

ELSE

{

IF (pie = "plum")

{

iceCream ← "honey"

}

ELSE

{

iceCream ← "vanilla"

}

}

}

}

Which of these tables shows expected values for iceCream after running this program with a variety of values for pie?

Consider the pseudocode segments below. Which statement should be used in place of <missing code> such that the alarm is set to 9:00 am on weekends, and 6:30 am on weekdays.

ask ( What day is it tomorrow?)

day = answer

if ( <missing code> )

setAlarm = 9:00am

else

setAlarm = 6:30am

Which of the following is the output of the code?

Which of the following can replace the missing statement in the “REPEAT UNTIL” block so that the user will be required to enter the correct password of “swordfish” before they can continue on with the rest of the program?

The output for the code is

Simone is writing a program to report on her daily moods.

Here's her program for the first week:

DISPLAY ("Monday: I feel happy!")

DISPLAY ("(•‿•)")

DISPLAY ("Tuesday: Sigh, annoyed")

DISPLAY ("ಠ_ಠ")

DISPLAY ("Wednesday: Feeling happy again")

DISPLAY ("(•‿•)")

DISPLAY ("Thursday: Kind of confused")

DISPLAY ("(⊙_☉)")

DISPLAY ("Friday: TGIF! Whee!")

DISPLAY ("(•‿•)")

After writing that code, Simone finds a new way to draw the happy face:

DISPLAY ("｡◕‿◕｡")

How many lines of code will Simone need to update?

Which of the following could be considered part of the beginning “state” of a Scratch program?

define sayStuff() {

DISPLAY("Hello")

}

DISPLAY("World")

sayStuff()

The output for the code above is

What is output by the following pseudocode?

set f to 1

set g to 0

repeat until f > 16

change g by f

change f by 7

say g

What is output by the code below?

gradeLvl = 9;

IF ( gradeLvl > 8 )

DISPLAY("High School");

IF ( gradeLvl > 5 )

DISPLAY("Middle school");

ELSE

DISPLAY("Elementary school");