Abstract ideas an principles are described in terms or characters, figures and events. It is used to teach some kind or moral lesson.

Animal Farm (George Orwell) is an _______ that uses animals on a farm to describe the overthrow of the last Russian Tsar, and the Communist Revolution of Russia before WW I. The actions of the animals on the farm are used to expose the greed and corruption of the revolution. It also describes how powerful people can change the ideology of a society.

It is a stylistic device in which a number of words which have the same first consonant sound occur close together.

Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner”:

The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, The furrow followed free; We were the first that ever burst Into that silent sea.

is a brief and indirect reference to a person, place, thing or idea of historical, cultural, literary or political significance. It does not describe in detail the person or thing to which it refers. It is just a passing comment.

In Conrad’s “Heart of Darkness”, “the two knitting women” whom Marlow sees allude to “Moirae” or “Fates” as visualized in Greek Mythology who control the threads of fate: The two knitting women increase his anxiety by gazing at him and all the other sailors with knowing unconcern. Their eerie looks suggest that they know what will happen (the men dying), yet don’t care.

an error of chronology or timeline in a literary piece: anything that is out of time and out of place is an anachronism.

In Hamlet (William Shakespeare), the protagonist has been attending the University of Halle-Wittenberg, which was established in 1502 A.D. However, the time depicted in the play is no later than the 15th century.

stylistic device defined as a syntactic deviation, and interruption within a sentence from one structure to another. In this interruption, the expected sequence of grammar is absent. No commas, no full stops