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- 1. Multiple Choice
In his review of Skinner’s (1957) book on behaviourism and language learning, Chomsky (1959) argued that
operant conditioning is inefficient because it relies on imitation
children acquire a good deal of their verbal behavior by imitating adults
children do not rely on imitation in the acquisition of verbal behavior
the acquisition of verbal behavior depends on operant conditioning
- 2. Multiple Choice
Studies of imitation have shown that ______.
both parents and children imitate one another, but parental imitations are more accurate
children frequently imitate grammatical rules incorrectly and therefore require correction
children use imitation to improve the accuracy in reproducing grammatical rules
both parents and children imitate each other frequently
- 3. Multiple Choice
The most useful term for describing the linguistic input to the language learning child is ______.
motherese
infant-directed speech
child-directed speech
caregiver speech
- 4. Multiple Choice
Which of the following statements is true about language acquisition?
At birth, children know the elementary aspects of the language of their parents.
By age one, children typically use about three words consisting of single morphemes.
Babies learn a language best when they are forced to repeat phrases given to them by their parents.
none of the above
- 5. Multiple Choice
Which theorist hypothesized that children are born with a language acquisition device?
Piaget
Skinner
Vygotsky
Chomsky
- 6. Multiple Choice
It is best to learn a second language:
in a classroom where you can focus on the grammar and receive help from a teacher
through constant contact with native speakers in their own society
both of the above approaches to learning are equally effective
- 7. Multiple Choice
Someone who subscribes to the Interactionist theory would probably disagree with which of the following statements?
A child who socializes more will learn language faster
Parents directing “babytalk” at their child can speed development
A child who does not want to communicate will learn more slowly than one who does
Identical twins who are separated at birth will still have identical language acquisition
- 8. Multiple Choice
Part of the reason that the language acquisition debate continues is that it is difficult to prove one theory over another. Which of the following is not an obstacle to proving a language acquisition theory?
In reality, we probably use some of each theory in order to learn our native language
Language acquisition has a critical period in early life, and it is difficult to conduct experiments with such young children
We don’t know which parts of the brain are active during language acquisition
The theories are not distinct enough from each other to be able to completely rule one out
- 9. Multiple Choice
Which of the following statements is true about the effect of language?
Bilingual people usually perform math and other complicated mental tasks with their first language.
Second languages learned as adults are rarely forgotten even if they are not used regularly.
neither of the above is true
- 10. Multiple Choice
Linguistic interference occurs when:
people try to speak if they are very nervous and feel intimidated
people learn a second language or dialect
young children learn their first language
- 11. Multiple Choice
When young children begin to learn standard grammar, they tend to over regularize it. What does this mean?
They consistently use correct grammar in virtually every sentence.
They excessively regulate or control what they say to the point that they become inhibited.
They assume that common syntax rules apply in all situations.
none of the above
- 12. Multiple Choice
The best time to learn a second language is in:
childhood
high school
college
beyond college
- 13. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is NOT an example of language acquisition from a behaviorist perspective?
Babies learn language by repeatedly associating the object 'dog' with the word 'dog.'
Babies learn language by imitating adult patterns of speech.
Babies are born with an innate ability to learn language.
Babies are rewarded for attempts at speech when their caregivers smile and applaud their efforts
- 14. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is the primary tenet of social-interactionist theories of language acquisition?
Language learners need to be exposed to comprehensible input that is at a slightly higher level of difficulty than they can currently produce in the target language.
Language learners need a "silent period" to develop their receptive language skills in a target language before they can produce meaningful discourse.
Language learners acquire
a target language over time by developing an interlanguage that increasingly resembles the target language.
Language learners need to have meaningful opportunities to negotiate meaning with others and to construct comprehensible output in the target language.
- 15. Multiple Choice
Which of the following approaches to providing English learners with feedback is likely to be most effective in creating an environment that promotes their English language development?
The teacher regularly points out students' errors immediately and explicitly.
The teacher primarily provides feedback to those students whose language usage is most problematic.
The teacher regularly rephrases significant usage errors, ignoring random errors that do not affect a message's comprehensibility
The teacher primarily uses contrastive analysis when choosing what errors to correct, ignoring those errors that are not directly linked to primary-language interference.
- 16. Multiple Choice
1. A middle school class includes several early-intermediate-level English learners. Which of the following activities is likely to be most effective in promoting their English language development
by providing opportunities for comprehensible input and output?
Students read explanations of how particular English sounds are made, listen to a recording of the sounds spoken by native English speakers, and then practice producing the sounds.
Students watch the teacher demonstrate a simple science experiment, work with a partner to conduct the experiment themselves, and then discuss their observations in small groups.
The teacher shows students a video about a social studies topic and gives a brief summary of the video in an oral presentation, and then students write in their personal dictionaries all the new vocabulary they learned.
The teacher explains a new grammatical structure to students and provides examples, the students restate the grammar rule in their own words, and then the students identify usage errors in short texts.
- 17. Multiple Choice
A high school regularly sponsors and promotes multicultural events and activities. This factor is most likely to lead to which of the following outcomes for English learners in the school
It will tend to lessen the likelihood that English learners will acculturate successfully in U.S. mainstream culture
It will tend to raise English learners' self-esteem and thus facilitate their acquisition of English..
It will tend to expand English learners' understanding of educational and career opportunities.
It will tend to increase cultural dissonance in the school among students from different cultural groups.
- 18. Multiple Choice
Affective Filter Hypothesis deals with affective variables that influence second language acquisition. Which of the following is not part of the variable?
Motivation
certainty
self confidence
anxiety.
- 19. Multiple Choice
Which of the following statements true about optimal users?
Students who seldom trust their acquired competence, thus verifying every sentence they produce.
Speakers who do not really care about correctness, only meaning.
These are acquirers who manage to use the Monitor only when it is appropriate.
These speakers, although they make more mistakes than over-monitor users, convey more meaning.
- 20. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is true about third stage of acculturation?
Individuals feel the intrusion of more and more culture differences.
Adaptation, assimilation or
acceptance of the new culture. A new identity developed.
The learners get excited over the newness of the surroundings.
The learner starts to understand the differences in thinking. gradual recovery: some problems of acculturation are solved
- 21. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is NOT true about Krashen's view on Second Language Learning?
If a student is only exposed to classroom drills and dialogues, they may acquire substantial mastery of classroom communication skills but can struggle to communicate in a natural language environment
Language learners improve in a language when they are given language input that is slightly more advanced than their current level.
Negative emotions, like embarrassment or fear, make a person less able to acquire a language. This notion belongs to the low affective filter..
Creating classroom environments that act intentionally to lower the affective filter will increase language development.
- 22. Multiple Choice
Which of the following statements best describe acculturation?
When you accept one culture while keeping your own
When you don't addapt to a new culture
When you keep your culture and reject the new one
When you adopt one culture and retain your own.
- 23. Multiple Choice
Which of the following statements is true about Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
ZPD is the area where the child could not achieve with adult guidance or by working with “a more fully developed child
ZPD is the area between the child’s current performance and the level of performance that the child could not achieve with adult guidance or by working with “a more fully developed child
ZPD is the area where the child could achieve with adult guidance or by working with “a more fully developed child
ZPD is the area between the child’s current performance (the problems the child can solve independently without any support) and the level of performance that the child could achieve with adult guidance or by working with “a more fully developed child”
- 24. Multiple Choice
How can we describe the language acquisition device?
A hypothetical tool that helps children quickly learn and understand language
A section of the brain labeled 'language acquisition device'
A device you plug into children's heads to teach them a language
A toy that teaches children how to speak
- 25. Multiple Choice
Who among the following proponents in language acquisition developed the Language Acquisition Support System or LASS?
Jerome Bruner
Jean Piaget
B.F. Skinner
Noam Chomsky
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