A referee indicates straightening of arm at a 45 degree angle towards the floor on the side that is at fault.

If the ball doesn't enter or leave the hands at the exact same time an official will often call a double contact.

This is indicated by the first referee taking both arms and crossing them across the chest form an X shape with use of arms.

A signal with the arms placed horizontally over one another, rotating in a spin cycle motion to signify the rotation of line ups.

A referee would take their hand on the side where a net fault occurred and place their hand gently on the net to indicate the fault.

An official would show this by placing one arm up vertically above their head and rotate it around.

An official would point down at the offending line to indicate that a violation has occurred.

The official would show this by bending both forearms upwards so fingers pointing towards the sky with their arms out in front of them.

Once the referee has blown the whistle to initiate the start of the rally, a player has 8 seconds to serve the ball. If for whatever reason the player takes longer than the allocated 8 seconds, the referee will award the point to the other team for the ___________.

Players are absolutely not allowed to move with the receiving players to ensure their sight remains obstructed, nor is it allowed for a player on the serving team to lineup directly in front to restrict the receivers' view. If this was to happen the referee would indicate a hand signal raising both hands upwards to head height forming and showing open palms towards the court.