A signal with the arms placed horizontally over one another, rotating in a spin cycle motion to signify the rotation of line ups.

An official would show this by placing one arm up vertically above their head and rotate it around.

An official would point down at the offending line to indicate that a violation has occurred.

The official would show this by bending both forearms upwards so fingers pointing towards the sky with their arms out in front of them.

Once the referee has blown the whistle to initiate the start of the rally, a player has 8 seconds to serve the ball. If for whatever reason the player takes longer than the allocated 8 seconds, the referee will award the point to the other team for the ___________.

Players are absolutely not allowed to move with the receiving players to ensure their sight remains obstructed, nor is it allowed for a player on the serving team to lineup directly in front to restrict the receivers' view. If this was to happen the referee would indicate a hand signal raising both hands upwards to head height forming and showing open palms towards the court.

This signal indicates the ball was touched by the player on the side the ball went out of bounds.

If a team contacts the ball more than 3 times without sending it back over the net, and the 3 and 4 contacts aren't made by the same player, then the referee would signal by extending the arm with 4 fingers.

When the ball lands in the court within the boundary lines, this ball is indicated "in". Signal by extending the arm with hand open toward the court. The arm should be 45 degrees away from the body.

A referee would indicate which team has won the point simply by placing the arm of the side that has won the point out horizontally to point in the direction of the winning side.

If a player or team requests a time-out the officials will signify this by creating a T using their hands. This T will be displayed at head level to ensure all players can visibly see it.