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- 1. Multiple Choice
What is Participant Observation?
The researcher observes the group or event.
The researcher takes part in an event or the everyday life of a group while observing it.
The researcher asks participants questions to help with the study.
The researcher uses questionnaires to conclude their study.
- 2. Multiple Choice
Why can 'Getting In' the group being studied be an issue?
Its hard to get out
'Getting in' takes a lot of effort and many researchers don't want to take the time to try
The researchers don't have the skills to enter some groups
Some groups are easier to enter than others
- 3. Multiple Choice
What must a researcher do to 'get in' to a group they want to observe? (3)
Gain acceptance
Disguise themselves
Pay the group
Make contact
Identify their role
- 4. Multiple Choice
How do you gain acceptance?
Have to win the groups trust
Have to act like the group to earn acceptance
Bribe them
Pretend to be a new member of the group
- 5. Multiple Choice
What are the two main things a researcher should do during their study?
Offer a good vantage point from which to make observations
Use in depth interview methods to gain insights
Avoid disrupting the group's normal pattern
Tell the group what they have found as its happening
- 6. Fill in the Blank
One problem for the researcher can be that they have to be both involved in the group so as to understand it fully, an at the same time detached from the group to remain objective and _____________
- 7. Multiple Choice
What does is meant by 'going native'?
Wanting to stay with the group
Trying to change the group to your culture
Becoming over-involved.
Loosing interest in the group
- 8. Multiple Choice
The more time the researcher spends with the group, the less strange its ways come to appear. What problems may this cause?
The researcher may adopt these ways into their everyday life.
They may be put in danger.
They may stop their study as they think their isn't anything to evaluate.
The researcher may stop noticing things that they would usually see as unusual or noteworthy.
- 9. Multiple Choice
After the study, researchers may find they have a degree of loyalty towards participants. What issues may this cause? (2)
May prevent them from disclosing everything they've learnt due to fears that it might cause harm to members of the group.
They don't want to leave.
They may represent the participants in a better way than what they wee actually like.
Concealment of data will reduce the validity of the study.
- 10. Multiple Choice
True or False? Covert observation is where the researcher reveals their true identity and purpose to the group and asks their permission to observe.
True
False (Overt observation)
- 11. Multiple Choice
Advantages of Overt observations (3)
It avoids the ethical problem of obtaining information through deceit.
The participants may alter their behaviour.
The observer can take notes openly.
It allows the researcher to use interview methods to check insights derived from observations.
The researcher can be more involved in the group they are onbserving.
- 12. Multiple Choice
Disadvantages of Overt observations (2)
It's boring.
Those who know they are being observed may begin to behave differently (Hawthorne Effect)
A group may refuse the researcher permission to observe them.
Provides ethical problems.
- 13. Multiple Choice
What is Covert observation?
The research is kept a secret from the participants
They pose as a genuine group member to find out information
The information is shared with the group throughout the experiment
They only use interviews
- 14. Multiple Choice
What's the main advantage of covert observation?
Poses no practical problems
It allows the researcher to use interview methods
Reduces the risk of people changing their behaviours and hiding valid information.
The researcher can take notes openly
- 15. Multiple Choice
What's a main disadvantages of covert observation?
Cant take notes openly so have to rely on memory
Requires to keep up an act
It increases the risk of The Hawthorne Effect(change in behaviour)
Risk of their cover being blown which may lead to physical harm
- 16. Poll
Which ethical issue of covert observation is the biggest problem, to you(morally)?
Its immoral too deceive people, obtain information by pretending to be in the "same boat"
Covert observers may have to lie, critics argue this is unethical.
They may have to participate in immoral or illegal activities as a part of their 'cover'.
As witness to illegal activities, they may have a moral or legal duty to intervene or report them to the police.
- 17. Multiple Choice
Advantages of participation observation
Insight in to what something is really like.
Easy
Validity
Flexibility
It's fun
- 18. Fill in the Blank
Participant observation can be very ______ ____________
- 19. Multiple Choice
Other than time consumption, what are some practical disadvantages of participant observation?
Researchers need to be well trained.
Costs a lot.
Can be stressful and demanding.
Many groups may wish not to be studied and can make access difficult.
It doesn't require any interpersonal or observational skills.
- 20. Multiple Choice
Why may representativeness be an issue with participant observation?
It's hard to find people.
The group studied usually has a wide range of people from all backgrounds.
The group studied is usually very small and the sample is often selected haphazardly.
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