by taking control of Normandy and other French territories

by attempting to take Italy

by increasing bureaucracy

by creating a parliament by meeting with the three estates

The Holy Roman Emperor had power over both Germany and Italy, but not England and France.

Germany and Italy were large kingdoms that sought to conquer the smaller kingdoms like England and France.

Germany and Italy became unified states long before England and France.

Germany and Italy consisted of small independent states, but England and France were ruled by a monarch.

English became the language of the nobility.

The Magna Carta codified the common laws.

The Anglo-Saxon and Norman cultures merged.

The French territories of Normandy and Aquitaine were retaken.

acceptance of Latin culture

invasion of Mongols

opening of trade routes to the Byzantine Empire

creation of the Cyrillic alphabet

They were strong supporters of the Byzantine state due to their ties to the Orthodox Church.

They were considered outsiders among the southern Slavs because they converted to Roman Catholicism.

They learned to read and write under the tutelage of Cyril and Methodius.

They were incorporated into Kievan Rus by Vladimir.

the power struggle of the English monarchy against the Church.

the power of the Church over the Magna Carta's laws.

the power of the Archbishop of Canterbury over the monarch.

an unjust death due to improperly applied Church law.