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- 1. Multiple Choice
Where does the ligand bind to initiate signal transduction?
glycolipids
nucleus
phosphorylation cascade
receptor
- 2. Multiple Choice
Where would you find a receptor for a steroid hormone?
in the cytoplasm because steroids are polar
in the cytoplasm because steroid are nonpolar
on the membrane because steroids are polar
on the membrane because steroids are nonpolar
- 3. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is a secondary messenger?
cAMP
ATP
Protein Kinase
Ligand
- 4. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is the order of steps for a signal transduction pathway?
Transduction -> Response
Reception -> Initiation -> Transduction -> Response
Reception -> Transduction -> Response
Transduction -> Reception -> Response
- 5. Multiple Choice
How are steroid and protein hormones different?
steroid hormones are hydrophobic while protein hormones are hydrophilic
steroid hormones are hydrophilic while protein hormones are hydrophobic
steroid hormones are small and uncharged while protein hormones are large and charged
steroid hormones are large and charged while protein hormones are small and uncharged
- 6. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is a potential response for the cell?
Conformational Change of Receptor
Transcription Factor
Phosphorylation Cascade
Release of Ca2+ from Smooth ER
- 7. Multiple Choice
How is paracrine and hormone signaling different?
hormone signaling involves bloodstream, long-distance and paracrine involves extracellular fluid, short-distance
hormone signaling involves extracellular fluid, short-distance and paracrine involves bloodstream, long-distance
hormone signaling involves extracellular fluid, long-distance and paracrine involves bloodstream, short-distance
hormone signaling involves bloodstream, short-distance and paracrine involves extracellular fluid, long-distance
- 8. Multiple Choice
How are ligands cell-specific?
Each cell has a different response to the ligand.
Each cell has different receptors to bind to the ligand
Each cell has different relay molecules based on the ligand.
Each cell has different processes for endocytosis.
- 9. Multiple Choice
Describe the phosphorylation cascade.
Protein phosphatase adds a phosphate to a relay molecule which causes a change in shape to activate.
Protein kinase adds a phosphate to a relay molecule which causes a change in shape to activate.
ATP adds a phosphate to a relay molecule which causes a change in shape to activate.
Mitochondria adds a phosphate to a relay molecule which causes a change in shape to activate.
- 10. Multiple Choice
More than one ligand can bind to the same receptor.
True
False
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