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- 1. Multiple Choice
In cell signaling, how is the flow of specific ions
regulated?
Opening and closing of ligand-gated channels
Transduction
Cytoskeleton rearrangement
Endocytosis
- 2. Multiple Choice
Many signal transduction pathways use second messengers to:
transport a signal through the lipid bilayer portion of the plasma membrane.
relay a signal from the outside to the inside of the cell.
relay the message from the inside of the membrane throughout the cytoplasm.
amplify the message by phosphorylating proteins.
- 3. Multiple Choice
Which of the following can activate a protein by transferring a phosphate group to it?
cAMP
G proteins
phosphodiesterase
protein kinase
- 4. Multiple Choice
Of the following, a receptor protein in a membrane that recognizes a chemical signal is most similar to
the active site of an enzyme in the cytoplasm that binds to a specific substrate.
RNA specifying the amino acids in a polypeptide.
genes making up a chromosome.
an enzyme with an optimal pH and temperature for activity.
- 5. Multiple Choice
What could happen to the target cells in an animal that lack receptors for local regulators?
They could compensate by receiving nutrients via an α factor.
They could develop normally in response to neurotransmitters instead.
They could divide but never reach full size.
They would not be able to multiply in response to growth factors from nearby cells.
- 6. Multiple ChoiceA signal molecule that binds to a plasma-membrane protein is aligandsecond messengerprotein kinasereceptor protein
- 7. Multiple ChoiceWhat is a G protein?specific type of membrane-receptor proteinprotein on the cytoplasmic side of a membranemembrane-bound enzymerelay protein
- 8. Multiple ChoiceWhat determines whether a cell is a target cell for a particular signal molecule?phosphorylation cascadecAMPsignal receptorsphosphatase
- 9. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is a chemical message that usually travels through the bloodstream to target cells?hormonelocal regulatorendocrine cell
- 10. Multiple ChoiceThe 3 steps of signal transduction in order arereception, transduction, responseresponse, transduction, receptionreception, response, transductiontransduction, reception, response
- 11. Multiple Choice
This is an example of
paracrine signaling
endocrine signaling
autocrine signaling
juxtacrine signaling
- 12. Multiple Choice
What is being depicted in the image?
Amplification of the signal molecule
Enzymatic proteins inhibiting process of the signal transduction pathway
Kinase groups adding dimer groups to other enzymes
Diffusion of molecules within the cell due to the signaling molecule
- 13. Multiple Choice
Which letter represents the cell membrane?
A
B
C
D
E
- 14. Multiple Choice
Which letter represents the cell surface receptor protein?
A
B
C
D
E
- 15. Multiple Choice
Which letter represents the ligand?
A
B
C
D
E
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