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- 1. Multiple Choice
The graph shows how the gravitational potential varies with distance between two planets, K and L, that have the same radius.
Which statement is correct?
The mass of L is greater than the mass of K.
The gravitational field strength at the surface of L is greater than that at the surface of K.
The escape velocity from planet L is greater than that from planet K.
More work must be done to move a mass of 1 kg from the surface of K to a distant point, than 1 kg from the surface of L.
- 2. Multiple Choice
The diagram shows equipotential lines near a group of asteroids. Which arrow shows the direction of the gravitational field at X?
↑
↓
←
→
- 3. Multiple Choice
Planet N has a gravitational potential –V at its surface. Planet M has double the density and double the radius of planet N. Both planets are spherical and have uniform density.
What is the gravitational potential at the surface of planet M?
–16V
–8V
–4V
–0.2V
- 4. Multiple Choice
The radius of a planet is R. The gravitational potential at the surface of the planet due to its mass is −4000 J kg−1.
What is the gravitational potential at a distance 2R from the centre of the planet?
−1000 J kg−1
−2000 J kg−1
−4000 J kg−1
−8000 J kg−1
- 5. Multiple Choice
X and Y are two stars of equal mass M. The distance between their centres is d.
What is the gravitational potential at the mid-point P between them?
- 6. Multiple Choice
Which one of the following statements about gravitational potential is incorrect?
It is analogous to the electric potential at a point in an electric field.
It is equal to the gravitational potential energy of a mass of 1 kg.
It is a vector quantity.
The difference in gravitational potential between two points at different heights above the Earth depends on the position of the points.
- 7. Multiple Choice
Which one of the following statements about gravitational potential is correct?
gravitational potential can have a positive value
the gravitational potential at the surface of the Earth is zero
the gravitational potential gradient at a point has the same numerical value as the gravitational field strength at that point
the unit of gravitational potential is N kg–1
- 8. Multiple Choice
A uniform electric field of electric field strength E is aligned so it is vertical. An ion moves vertically through a small distance Δd from point X to point Y in the field.There is a uniform gravitational field of field strength g throughout the region.
Which line, A to D, in the table correctly gives the gravitational potential difference, and the electric potential difference, between X and Y?
A
B
C
D
- 9. Multiple Choice
Mars has a diameter approximately 0.5 that of the Earth, and a mass of 0.1 that of the Earth.
The gravitational potential at the Earth’s surface is −63 MJ kg–1.
What is the approximate value of the gravitational potential at the surface of Mars?
−13 MJ kg–1
−25 MJ kg–1
−95 MJ kg–1
−320 MJ kg–1
- 10. Multiple Choice
The diagram shows two points, P and Q, at distances r and 2r from the centre of a planet. The gravitational potential at P is −16 kJ kg−1. What is the work done on a 10 kg mass when it is taken from P to Q?
– 120 kJ
– 80 kJ
+ 80 kJ
+ 120 kJ
- 11. Multiple Choice
When a charge moves between two points in an electric field, or a mass moves between two points in a gravitational field, energy may be transferred.
Which one of the following statements is correct?
No energy is transferred when the movement is parallel to the direction of the field.
The energy transferred is independent of the path followed.
The energy transferred is independent of the start and finish points.
Energy is transferred when the movement is perpendicular to the field lines.
- 12. Multiple Choice
Which one of the following statements about gravitational fields is incorrect?
Moving a mass in the direction of the field lines reduces its potential energy.
A stronger field is represented by a greater density of field lines.
Moving a mass perpendicularly across the field lines does not alter its potential energy.
At a distance r from a mass the field strength is inversely proportional to r.
- 13. Multiple Choice
The gravitational potential at the surface of the Earth, of radius R, is V. What is the gravitational potential at a point at a height R above the Earth’s surface?
V/4
V/2
V
2V
- 14. Multiple Choice
A 10 μF capacitor is fully charged to a pd of 3.0 kV. The energy stored in the capacitor can be used to lift a load of 5.0 kg through a vertical height h. What is the approximate value of h?
0.03 mm
0.9 mm
0.3 m
0.9 m
- 15. Multiple Choice
At the surface of the Earth the gravitational field strength is g, and the gravitational potential is V. The radius of the Earth is R. An object, whose weight on the surface of the Earth is W, is moved to a height 3R above the surface. Which line, A to D, in the table gives the weight of the object and the gravitational potential at this height?
A
B
C
D
- 16. Multiple Choice
The diagram shows two positions, X and Y, on the Earth’s surface. Which line, A to D, in the table gives correct comparisons at X and Y for gravitational potential and angular velocity?
A
B
C
D
- 17. Multiple Choice
A 10 mF capacitor is charged to 10 V and then discharged completely through a small motor. During the process, the motor lifts a weight of mass 0.10 kg. If 10% of the energy stored in the capacitor is used to lift the weight, through what approximate height will the weight be lifted?
0.05 m
0.10 m
0.50 m
1.00 m
- 18. Multiple Choice
Which one of the following could be a unit of gravitational potential?
N
J
N kg–1
J kg–1
- 19. Multiple Choice
When at the surface of the Earth, a satellite has weight W and gravitational potential energy –U. It is projected into a circular orbit whose radius is equal to twice the radius of the Earth. Which line, A to D, in the table shows correctly what happens to the weight of the satellite and to its gravitational potential energy?
A
B
C
D
- 20. Multiple Choice
Two protons are 1.0 × 10–14 m apart. Approximately how many times is the electrostatic force between them greater than the gravitational force between them?
1023
1030
1036
1042
- 21. Multiple Choice
The graph shows how the gravitational potential, V, varies with the distance, r , from the centre of the Earth.
What does the gradient of the graph at any point represent?
the magnitude of the gravitational field strength at that point
the magnitude of the gravitational constant
the mass of the Earth
the potential energy at the point where the gradient is measured
- 22. Multiple Choice
Near the surface of a planet the gravitational field is uniform and for two points, 10 m apart vertically, the gravitational potential difference is 3 J kg–1. How much work must be done in raising a mass of 4 kg vertically through 5 m?
3J
6J
12J
15J
- 23. Multiple Choice
At a distance R from a fixed charge, the electric field strength is E and the electric potential is V. Which line, A to D, gives the electric field strength and electric potential at a distance 2R from the charge?
A
B
C
D
- 24. Multiple Choice
Which one of the following has different units to the other three?
gravitational potential
gravitational field strength
force per unit mass
gravitational potential gradient
- 25. Multiple Choice
The gravitational potential difference between the surface of a planet and a point P, 10 m above the surface, is 8.0 J kg− 1 . Assuming a uniform field, what is the value of the gravitational field strength in the region between the planet’s surface and P?
0.80 N kg− 1
1.25 N kg− 1
8.0 N kg− 1
80 N kg− 1
- 26. Multiple Choice
A mass of 5 kg is moved in a gravitational field from a point X at which the gravitational potential is –20 J kg–1 to a point Y where it is –10 J kg–1. The change in potential energy of the mass, in J, between X and Y is
–50
–10
+10
+50
- 27. Multiple Choice
Graph 1 shows the variation of electric field strength E with separation r for two point charges.
Graph 2 shows the corresponding variation of electric potential V with separation.
Which line in the table correctly relates data for the two graphs?
A
B
C
D
- 28. Multiple Choice
g is the strength of the gravitational field at the surface of the Earth; R is the radius of the Earth. The potential energy lost by a satellite of mass m falling to the Earth’s surface from a height R above the surface is
4mgR
2mgR
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