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- 1. Multiple ChoicePlanets orbit the Sun in a shape called a(n)circleellipsefocusperihelion
- 2. Multiple ChoiceAn ellipse is drawn around two points calledaphelionperihelionfociaxis
- 3. Multiple ChoiceWhen a planet orbits the Sun, one of the foci of the elliptical orbit isthe axisthe perihelionthe centerthe Sun
- 4. Multiple Choice
Where is the planet moving fasterPosition A to BPosition B to CPosition H to IPosition I to J - 5. Multiple ChoiceWhat is true about the area between points A, B and the Sun, and the area between points H, I and the Sun?The area between A, B and the Sun is the largest.The area between H, I and the Sun is the largestBoth areas are equal in sizeThere is not enough information to determine the areas
- 6. Multiple ChoiceKepler's 2nd Law deals withthe shape of the planets' orbitsthe speed/area the planet travelsthe length of time it takes the planet to orbit the sun
- 7. Multiple ChoiceA planet moves __________ when it is farthest from the sun.fasterslower
- 8. Multiple ChoiceKepler's first law states that the orbits of the planets are oval in shape orellipsesperfect circles
- 9. Multiple ChoiceThe farther away a planet is from the sun, the _______ it takes it to orbit the sun once.longershorter
- 10. Multiple ChoiceWhen do planets move the fastest?Close to the sunFar away from the sun
- 11. Multiple Choice
Earth's orbit follows an elliptical path.
Kepler's 1st law
Kepler's 2nd law
Kepler's 3rd law
- 12. Multiple Choice
When Earth orbits around the sun, it slows down when it is far from the sun. It speeds up its orbit when it is close to the Sun. This is because the sun's gravity is stronger when you are closer to it.
Kepler's 1st law
Kepler's 2nd law
Kepler's 3rd law
Nutation
- 13. Multiple ChoiceWhat did Kepler discover about planets and their orbital speed?Planets closest to the Sun will orbit with the fastest orbital speed.Planets with the greatest mass will orbit the Sun with the fastest orbital speed.Planets furthest from the Sun will orbit with the fastest orbital speed.Planets with the least mass will orbit the Sun with the fastest orbital speed.
- 14. Multiple ChoiceWhich is NOT one of Kepler's laws?Planets travel in an ellipsePlanets closest to the sun travel fasterThe farther a planet is from the sun, the longer it takes to orbitPlanets revolve around the Earth
- 15. Multiple Choice
The diagram below shows a moon revolving around a planet in an elliptical orbit. At which position is the moon traveling fastest?
location 1
location 2
location 3
location 4
- 16. Multiple Choice
The diagram below shows a moon revolving around a planet in an elliptical orbit. At which position is the moon traveling slowest?
location 1
location 2
location 3
location 4
- 17. Multiple Choice
According to the data in the chart, the farther a planet is from the sun
the longer it takes for it to complete one orbit.
the longer it takes for it to complete one day.
the less dense it is.
the smaller it is.
- 18. Multiple Choice
Which planet will take the least amount of time to revolve around the Sun?
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
- 19. Multiple Choice
Which planet will take the most amount of time to revolve around the Sun?
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
- 20. Multiple Choice
Which statement best describes Kepler’s 2nd Law of Planetary Motion?
Planets revolve around the sun over equal areas in equal time intervals.
Planetary orbits are in the shape of an ellipse.
A planet’s orbital period is proportionate to its distance from the sun.
- 21. Multiple ChoiceWhich of Kepler's Laws is illustrated here?1st Law2nd Law3rd Law
- 22. Multiple ChoiceAs a planet moves closer to the sun in its orbit, its orbital velocity (speed):IncreasesDecreasesStays the same
- 23. Multiple ChoiceAs a planet moves farther from the sun in its orbit, its orbital velocity (speed):IncreasesDecreasesStays the same
- 24. Multiple ChoiceWhat causes a planet's speed to change as it approaches the sun?The sun's gravity causes the planet to travel faster.The sun's gravity causes the planet to travel slower.The planet's rotation causes it to speed up.The planet's rotation causes it to slow down.
- 25. Multiple Choice
The diagram below shows a moon revolving around a planet in an elliptical orbit. If the moon in the above picture is moving clockwise, at position 1 the moon is ______________.
speeding up
slowing down
- 26. Multiple Choice
The diagram below shows a moon revolving around a planet in an elliptical orbit. If the moon in the above picture is moving clockwise, at position 3 the moon is ______________.
speeding up
slowing down
- 27. Multiple Choice
Kepler's third law can be applied to any two bodies as long as they are orbiting around a single common body.
True
False
- 28. Multiple ChoiceAccording to Kepler's 3rd law, the square of the time it takes for an object to orbit, T, is directly related to the cube of the distance, r, between the object and what it is orbiting.T3 = k*r2T2 = k*r3T3 = k/r2T2 = k/r3
- 29. Multiple Choice
Kepler’s 3rd law states the square of the orbital period is proportional to the cube of the orbital radius. (T2=r3)
If a planet's orbital radius is doubled, what happens to the length of a year on that planet?
It will become twice as long
It will become about 8 times as long
It will become 2.8 times as long
It will remain the same
- 30. Multiple Choice
Which statement best describes Kepler’s 2nd Law of Planetary Motion?
A line that connects a planet to the Sun sweeps out equal areas in equal times.
All planets move in elliptical orbits with the Sun at one focus.
The square of the orbital period of any planet is directly proportional to the cube of the radius of its orbit.
- 31. Multiple Choice
Earth's orbital radius is 1.5 x 1011 m and it orbits the Sun in 1 year. If Mercury's orbital radius is 5.79 x 1010 m, calculate the time taken for it to orbit the Sun.
0.240 years
0.386 years
0.621 years
- 32. Multiple Choice
Which of the following statement is best in accordance with Kepler's first law of planetary motion?
A. The orbits of planets form an ellipse, with the Sun at one focus.
B. Planets orbit in perfect circles, with the Sun slightly off-center.
C. All planets make one orbit of the Sun in exactly the same time period.
D. Planets farther from the Sun orbit proportionally faster.
- 33. Multiple Choice
How do Kepler’s laws of planetary motion compare to Newton’s laws of motion and Newton’s law of universal gravitation?
A. Kepler described Earth’s orbit around the Sun. Newton described the Moon’s orbit around Earth.
B. Kepler explained only the shape of Earth’s orbit. Newton explained only Earth’s speed in orbit.
C. Kepler explained the effect of gravity on Earth’s orbit around the Sun. Newton explained the
effect of the Moon’s gravity on the Sun.
D. Kepler described the shape and speed of Earth’s orbit around the Sun. Newton identified the
forces that cause Earth to orbit the Sun.
- 34. Multiple Choice
The diagram below shows four points along Earth's orbit as it revolves around the Sun. The shaded area in the sector bounded by Points 1 and 2 is the same as the shaded area in the sector bounded by Points 3 and 4.
Which statement accurately compares the conditions at these four points?
A. The magnitude of Earth's acceleration is the same at all four points.
B. The Sun's gravitational pull on Earth is the same at Point 1 as it is at Point 3.
C. Earth's speed is the same as it goes from Point 1 to Point 2 as when it goes from Point 3 to Point 4.
D. It takes Earth the same amount of time to go from Point 1 to Point 2 as it does to go from Point 3 to Point 4.
- 35. Multiple Choice
The table below lists the distances of Mercury, Earth, and Saturn from the Sun. Kepler’s third law of motion describes the relationship between the distances of the planets from the Sun and their orbital periods.
Based on the time it takes each planet to complete a ‘year’ around the Sun, rank these planets in order from shortest to longest.
A. Mercury, Earth, Saturn
B. Mercury, Saturn, Earth
C. Earth, Mercury, Saturn
D. Saturn, Earth, Mercury
- 36. Multiple Choice
Which statement is a relationship described by one of Kepler's laws?
A. For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
B. The acceleration of the Moon depends directly on the net force applied to it by Earth.
C. Every object in a state of uniform motion tends to remain in that state of motion unless an external force is applied to it.
D. A line drawn between the Moon and the center of Earth will sweep out equal areas of the plane of the Moon's orbit in equal time periods.
- 37. Multiple Choice
Which statement is a direct implication of Kepler's Second Law of Planetary Motion?
A. A planet's acceleration is affected by its mass.
B. A planet's velocity depends on its position in its orbit.
C. A planet's total distance from the foci of its orbit is constant.
D. A planet's period can be predicted from the semimajor axis of its orbit.
- 38. Multiple Choice
Why do planets in our solar system keep stable, nearly circular orbits?
Centripetal force is equal to the gravitational attraction between the Sun and the planet.
Inertial force of the planet is equal to the centripetal force of the planet.
The planet's orbital speed must remain constant (never changes) as it moves around the Sun.
The planet's orbital speed has to speed up and slow down because the larger planets (Jupiter and Saturn) have a strong outward gravity pull force counter to the Sun's gravity pull force.
- 39. Multiple Choice
At which position is the planet's orbital speed getting faster?
Position #1
Position #2
Position #3
Position #4
- 40. Multiple Choice
At which position is the planet's orbital speed getting slower?
Position #1
Position #2
Position #3
Position #4
- 41. Multiple Choice
At which position is the gravitational attraction between the sun and the planet the weakest?
Position #1
Position #2
Position #3
Position #4
- 42. Multiple Choice
If a new planet were found orbiting the Sun at 200 times as far as the Earth is from the Sun, what would it's orbital period be?
34 years
200 years
300 years
2800 years
3 billion years
- 43. Multiple Choice
Kepler's first law says that the planets move around the Sun in an ellipse with the Sun at one focus. What is at the other focus?
Empty space
The Earth
The Moon
Your teacher
The planet being considered
- 44. Multiple Choice
From Kepler's third law, a hypothetical planet that is twice as far from the Sun as Earth should have a period of
0.5 Earth years
1 Earth year
2 Earth years
More than 2 Earth years
It depends on the planet's mass
- 45. Multiple Choice
Kepler's 3rd Law states:
All objects in the universe in stable orbits have the same ratio of T2/R3
True
False
- 46. Multiple Choice
Kepler's 3rd Law states:
All objects IN THE SAME ORBITAL SYSTEM in stable orbits have the same ratio of T2/R3
True
False
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