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- 1. Multiple Choice
According to Milgram, there are two states:
Autonomous state
Agentic state
Authority state
Argumentative state
- 2. Fill in the Blank
The __________ state refers to when people see themselves as behaving voluntarily and are aware of the consequences of their own actions.
- 3. Fill in the Blank
The __________ state refers to when people see themselves as acting on behalf of an authority figure and diffuse any responsibility for their actions onto the authority figure.
- 4. Fill in the Blank
People in the autonomous state are less likely to obey unjust orders because they feel r___________ for their actions.
- 5. Multiple Choice
In which state are people more likely to obey orders?
Autonomous state
Agentic state
- 6. Multiple Choice
When in the agentic state people diffuse the responsibility of their actions onto:
Themselves
Their parents
The authority figure providing the order
- 7. Fill in the Blank
People in an agentic state diffuse responsibility onto an authority figure because they have a higher position in a social h_________.
- 8. Fill in the Blank
When in the agentic state, people may obey orders that go against their morals because they do not see themselves as ____________ for their behaviour.
- 9. Fill in the Blank
___________ of authority refers to when people obey authority figures because society agrees they should have power over others.
- 10. Fill in the Blank
According to legitimacy of authority, s_________ is structured in a hierarchical way.
- 11. Multiple Choice
Which of the following people would be considered to have legitimate authority?
A teacher
A police officer
A student
- 12. Fill in the Blank
According to legitimacy of authority, people have legitimate authority in that it is a_________ by society.
- 13. Multiple Choice
People with legitimate authority:
Enable society to function smoothly
Are accepted as having the right to tell us what to do
Are trusted to exercise their authority appropriately
Typically do not wear uniforms
- 14. Multiple Choice
Which of the following variations would support the agency theory as an explanation for obedience?
Milgram's touch-proximity variation
Milgram's location variation
Bickman's uniform variation
- 15. Multiple Choice
In Milgram's touch-proximity variation where participants had to hold the learner's hand onto the electric shock plate, there were lower obedience rates. This is because:
They felt more responsible for their actions
They felt less responsible for their actions
They entered the agentic state
They entered the autonomous state
- 16. Multiple Choice
Which of the following variations would support legitimacy of authority as an explanation for obedience?
Milgram's touch-proximity variation
Milgram's location variation
Bickman's uniform variation
- 17. Multiple Choice
When Milgram changed the location of his obedience research from Yale University to a run-down office block, obedience rates decreased from 65% to 48%. Which of the following statements can explain these findings?
Participants would not have trusted the authority figure in the run-down office block to exercise their authority appropriately.
Yale University is a more prestigious location, adding legitimacy to the authority figure.
Legitimacy of authority was removed when the research was conducted in a run-down office block
The participants entered the agentic state in the run-down office block.
- 18. Fill in the Blank
A strength of the agency theory is that it has helped to explain events such as the ___________
- 19. Multiple Choice
During the Holocaust, Nazi Adolf Eichmann claimed in his defence that he was only following orders and was not responsible for his actions. This supports:
Legitimacy of authority explanation
The agentic state explanation
- 20. Fill in the Blank
The ___________ ____________ explanation can be criticised for offering excuses to those 'just following orders' despite being aware their actions are wrong.
- 21. Multiple Choice
In Milgram's study, 35% of participants did not obey the experimenter despite the experimenter having the same authority and the participant feeling the same level of responsibility. What does this suggest?
Situational explanations for obedience including the agentic state and legitimacy of authority explanations fail to explain individual differences.
The agentic state and legitimacy of authority explanations can be criticised for taking a nomothetic approach to explaining obedience.
Dispositional (personality) factors (e.g. authoritarian personality) may influence whether people obey authority figures.
The agentic state and legitimacy of authority explanations can be praised for taking a nomothetic approach to explaining obedience.
- 22. Multiple Choice
Which of the following statements are true?
The agentic state and authoritarian personality are dispositional explanations for obedience
The agentic state and legitimacy of authority are situational explanations for obedience
The authoritarian personality is a dispositional explanation for obedience
Only legitimacy of authority is a situational explanation for obedience
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