Chapter 9 Study Guide

1.

Multiple Choice

30 sec

1 pt

The diagram shows the structure of adenosine diphosphate (ADP).

What describes the conversion of ADP to ATP?

an input of energy as both phosphate groups detach

a release of energy as one phosphate group detaches

a release of energy as a third phosphate group is attached

an input of energy to attach a third phosphate group

2.

Multiple Choice

30 sec

1 pt

Stuart is listing the changes to matter and energy that occur during the process of photosynthesis. Which of these examples should he include in his list?

nuclear changes that convert hydrogen and oxygen into carbon

chemical changes that convert carbohydrates into smaller molecules

changes that convert light energy into chemical energy stored in carbohydrates

changes that convert chemical energy into heat and light

3.

Multiple Choice

30 sec

1 pt

Nancy is explaining why chlorophyll is classified as a plant pigment and how it is useful in photosynthesis. Which property of chlorophyll would be most appropriate for her to cite?

chlorophyll’s ability to absorb light

chlorophyll’s green color

chlorophyll’s presence in chloroplasts

chlorophyll’s reactivity with oxygen

4.

Multiple Choice

30 sec

1 pt

Yasmine is asked to describe the structural organization of chloroplasts. She writes the following sentence:

"A chloroplast contains thylakoid stacks, called stroma, that are surrounded by fluid-filled grana."

Which change to the sentence is necessary to make the sentence accurate?

Replace "grana" with "chlorophyll."

Replace "stroma" with "chlorophyll."

Exchange the positions of "stroma" and "grana."

Exchange the positions of "thylakoid" and "stroma."

5.

Multiple Choice

30 sec

1 pt

Xavier is describing the role of electron carriers, such as NADP+, in photosynthesis. Which property of NADP+ should Xavier cite?

the chemical bonds formed by electrons in its molecular structure

its ability to accept and release high-energy electrons and a hydrogen ion

its reactivity with oxygen, water, and carbon dioxide

its ability to emit a stream of electrons in a nuclear reaction

6.

Multiple Choice

30 sec

1 pt

What BEST describes the role of light in the overall process of photosynthesis?

Light provides the energy for breaking apart sugars into small molecules.

Light provides the energy for assembling small molecules into sugars.

Light accepts the energy that is released by small molecules.

Light accepts the energy that is released by sugars.

7.

Multiple Choice

30 sec

1 pt

The overall chemical equation that describes photosynthesis is shown below.

6CO2 + 6H2O ----(Light)----> C6H12O6 + 6O2

By analyzing this equation, which property of photosynthesis can be identified?

the chemical changes that occur during the light-independent reactions

the chemical changes that occur during the light-dependent reactions

the source of carbon atoms in the carbohydrate product

the identities and roles of electron carriers

8.

Multiple Choice

30 sec

1 pt

During photosynthesis, what best describes the role of the compound with the chemical formula C6H12O6?

a product that is not useful because of its low-energy chemical bonds

a product that is useful because of its high-energy chemical bonds

a reactant that is useful because of its high-energy chemical bonds

either a product or a reactant, depending on whether the cell needs to store energy or release energy

9.

Multiple Choice

30 sec

1 pt

What BEST describes the roles of photosystem I and photosystem II in the process of photosynthesis?

They form ATP as hydrogen ions cross the thylakoid membrane.

They absorb sunlight and distribute the energy as heat.

They transfer electrons from a series of intermediates to form NADPH.

They absorb sunlight and transfer the energy to electrons.

10.

Multiple Choice

30 sec

1 pt

Which is the role of the electron transport chain in the process of photosynthesis?

cycling electrons between photosystem I and photosystem II

adding energy to the electrons that enter photosystem I

carrying electrons from photosystem II, to photosystem I, to NADP+

removing electrons from the chloroplast

11.

Multiple Choice

30 sec

1 pt

During the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, which event must occur for ATP synthase to function properly?

Hydrogen ions must pass through a channel within ATP synthase.

Molecular oxygen must combine with ATP synthase.

A molecule of ATP must release a phosphate group to become ADP.

Photosystem I and photosystem II must be deactivated.

12.

Multiple Choice

30 sec

1 pt

Daniel is developing a model of the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis, also known as the Calvin cycle. How should the model show how carbon compounds enter and exit the cycle?

enter as glucose, exit as carbon dioxide

enter as glucose, exit as 3-carbon molecules

enter as carbon dioxide, exit as 3-carbon molecules

enter as elemental carbon, exit as 6-carbon molecules

13.

Multiple Choice

30 sec

1 pt

William is developing the model shown below to illustrate the process of photosynthesis. He plans to use the model to explain how photosynthesis transforms both energy and matter.

In a key or legend for the model, how should William describe the roles of NADPH and ATP in the light-independent reactions?

providing the oxygen for sugar molecules

providing the carbon for sugar molecules

absorbing the energy of light and transferring it to electrons

supplying the energy necessary to assemble sugar molecules

14.

Multiple Choice

30 sec

1 pt

William is developing the model shown below to illustrate the process of photosynthesis. He plans to use the model to explain how photosynthesis transforms both energy and matter.

The model includes a wavy arrow to show light striking the thylakoids. Which label for the wavy arrow would be MOST USEFUL for communicating the role of light in photosynthesis?

Light is radiated from the chloroplast during the light-independent reactions.

Light energy is cycled within the thylakoid.

The chloroplast reflects the green wavelengths of light.

Light is the energy source for converting ADP to ATP, and NADP+ to NADPH.

15.

Multiple Choice

30 sec

1 pt

In both photosystem I and photosystem II, light energy is used to excite electrons. The two photosystems were named in the order of their discovery, and not in the order of their work in the light-dependent reactions. Photosystem II comes first in the sequence of events that moves electrons from water molecules to their destination, NADP+. Hydrogen ions travel with the electrons, and they combine with NADP+ to form NADPH. The process is summarized in this diagram.

In the diagram, an arrow leads from the splitting of water, to the two photosystems, and then to NADP+. What process is represented by this arrow?

the formation of high-energy sugars

the cycling of light energy within the photosystems

the movement of electrons along the electron transport chain

the conversion of electrons into sunlight

16.

Multiple Choice

30 sec

1 pt

A research scientist designs an experiment to measure the inputs and outputs of photosynthesis, by mass, for a representative plant over a certain time. The scientist’s predictions for the results are shown in the table.

If the scientist's predictions are shown to be accurate, then which conclusion about photosynthesis do they support? (HINT: Apply scientific principles such as the Law of Conservation of Mass.)

All of the matter in water is converted into oxygen gas.

All of the matter in carbon dioxide is converted into oxygen gas.

All of the matter in carbon dioxide is converted into sugars.

Some but not all of the matter in carbon dioxide is converted into sugars.

17.

Multiple Choice

30 sec

1 pt

Under normal conditions, gases diffuse through small holes in the leaves of a plant. When the weather is very hot and dry, plants may close these openings to conserve water. How are the closures most likely to affect photosynthesis?

They increase the rate of photosynthesis by increasing the amount of water in the leaf.

They decrease the rate of photosynthesis by preventing carbon dioxide from entering the leaf.

They increase the rate of photosynthesis by increasing the amount of oxygen in the leaf.

They have little or no effect on photosynthesis because gases do not take part in the process.

18.

Multiple Choice

30 sec

1 pt

Plants depend on a wide variety of carbon compounds, including carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. What BEST describes the role of photosynthesis in producing these compounds?

Photosynthesis produces ATP and NADPH that can be converted into other compounds.

Photosynthesis produces 12-carbon molecules that can be broken apart into smaller compounds.

Photosynthesis produces 3-carbon molecules that can be converted into other compounds.

Photosynthesis directly produces all classes of carbon compounds.

19.

Multiple Choice

30 sec

1 pt

Researchers have been developing an artificial leaf, a device that mimics the actions of photosynthesis. The artificial leaf harnesses the energy of sunlight and uses it to provide energy for a series of chemical reactions. Potential products include hydrogen gas (H2) and methane gas (CH4). What is one way that the chemical processes of the artificial leaf are similar to photosynthesis?

The products are molecules made of 5 atoms at the most.

The products contain carbon, but not oxygen.

The products contain high-energy chemical bonds.

Carbon dioxide is released as a waste product.

20.

Multiple Choice

30 sec

1 pt

Energy is defined as the ability to

communicate.

reproduce.

grow.

do work.

21.

Multiple Choice

30 sec

1 pt

Which of the following is NOT a form of energy?

light

oxygen

heat

electricity

22.

Multiple Choice

30 sec

1 pt

Which of the following is used by cells to store and release the energy needed to power cellular processes?

ATP

RNA

DNA

NADP+

23.

Multiple Choice

30 sec

1 pt

Plants use the green pigment chlorophyll to

absorb sunlight.

store sunlight.

reflect sunlight.

change light to heat.

24.

Multiple Choice

30 sec

1 pt

High-energy electrons are transported from chlorophyll to other molecules in the chloroplast by

the thylakoid membranes.

pigments such as carotene.

electron carriers such as NADP+.

the protein ATP synthase.

25.

Multiple Choice

30 sec

1 pt

The clusters of chlorophyll and proteins that absorb sunlight and generate high-energy electrons in the chloroplasts are called

carrier proteins.

transport chains.

photosystems.

synthase proteins.

26.

Multiple Choice

30 sec

1 pt

In photosystem II, as high-energy electrons are passed to the electron transport chain, the chlorophyll gains new electrons from

oxygen atoms.

water molecules.

hydrogen ions.

carbon dioxide.

27.

Multiple Choice

30 sec

1 pt

The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis are also known as the

Calvin cycle.

surgar cycle.

carbon cycle.

ATP cycle.

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