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- 1. Multiple Choice
Which of the following would NOT result in the inhibition of this pathway?
A change in the shape of the receptor
The presence of a competitive ligand
Increase in hormone concentration
Loss of second messenger production
- 2. Multiple Choice
Which part of the signaling pathway could consist of protein modification, second messenger production, amplification or a phosphorylation cascade?
Reception
Transduction
Response
All of these
- 3. Multiple Choice
The B-adrenergic receptor is important because...
It serves as the only ligand receptor
It produces a secondary messenger
It is the ligand that activates the pathway
It is the target molecule that stimulates gene expression
- 4. Multiple Choice
If MNK1 remained in its active state permanently, what would be the result?
c-Myc would be unable to translate growth genes
Cell growth and division will stop
The phosphorylation cascade will stop
Cell division will increase, leading to tumor formation
- 5. Multiple Choice
When GAP is unable to release a phosphate, what result occurs?
Genes that lead to cancer are activated
Normal signaling continues
GTP is activated by GEF
Genes that lead to tumor suppression are activated
- 6. Multiple Choice
Which of these explains why this pathway involves a negative feedback loop in a normal cell?
As ERK increases, it inhibits RAS, stopping transduction
As ERK increases, it increases RAS, continuing transduction
Grb2 is removed from the receptor, stopping transduction
RAS mutates, causing signal transduction to stop
- 7. Multiple Choice
This type of cell signaling will only be effective...
over long distances (endocrine)
when cells are in direct contact (juxtacrine)
when responding to its own ligands (autocrine)
if cells are nearby (paracrine)
- 8. Multiple Choice
Which receptor is responsible for the signaling pathway that leads to apoptosis?
Delta/Serrate/Lag-2
Frizzled
TGF-B RI/RII
Ptch
- 9. Multiple Choice
Which of these is an accurate response to increased glucose levels in the blood?
Alpha cells release glucagon from the pancreas
Liver breaks down glycogen and releases glucose
Blood glucose levels rise back to homeostatic levels
Beta cells in the pancreas release insulin
- 10. Multiple Choice
cAMP is an example of a...
secondary messenger
ligand
receptor protein
target cell
- 11. Multiple Choice
Which of these shows the cell cycle phases in their correct order AND correctly paired with their functions?
G1-growth, M-division, G2-DNA checkpoints, S-DNA replication
G1-growth, S-DNA replication, G2-prepare to divide, M-division
M-division, G1-growth, S-DNA replication, G2-prepare to divide
S-Interphase, G2-growth, M-division, G1-DNA replication
- 12. Multiple Choice
Which phase of mitosis occurred between panels C and D?
Metaphase
Telophase
Synthesis
Anaphase
- 13. Multiple Choice
In what phase of mitosis is this cell?
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
- 14. Multiple Choice
Which of these graphs represents the amount of DNA present in a normal cell throughout the cell cycle?
A
B
C
D
- 15. Multiple Choice
p53 is a gene that codes for a CDK inhibitor that slows the cell cycle. What would be the result of a mutation in the p53 gene?
No cell division
Decreased CDK/Cyclin complexes
Activated DNA repair
Tumor formation
- 16. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is NOT a result of a cell unable to perform apoptosis?
Increased health and fitness due to the removal of the cellular death process
Continued growth of cancerous cells
Potential for additional, unnecessary tissues
Proliferation of cells infected with a virus in spite of immune response
- 17. Multiple Choice
Which of these is NOT part of interphase?
G1
S
M
G2
- 18. Multiple Choice
If ATP were unavailable, what would be the effect on this pathway?
Protein kinase A would not be produced
GDP would not bind to the transmembrane protein
The hormone would not bind to the transmembrane protein
The secondary messenger would not be produced
- 19. Multiple Choice
Which of these correctly describes a chromatid?
long stringy genetic material that exists in interphase
homologous chromosome pairs seen in meiosis
one half of a duplicated chromosome
stringy tubule that pulls genetic matter across a cell
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