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- 1. Multiple Choice
Which is the correct order for these steps in cell signaling?
receptor activation, signal transduction, response
response, signal transduction, termination
receptor activation, response, signal transduction
signal transduction, receptor activation, response
- 2. Multiple Choice
Signaling pathways have been conserved in a wide range of organisms.
true
false
- 3. Multiple Choice
A cell can only respond to signals from other cells, not from the physical environment.
true
false
- 4. Multiple Choice
Which type of cellular activities can be a response to cell signaling?
Cell signals are released to communicate with other cells.
All of these choices are correct.
Gene expression patterns are changed.
Enzyme activities are changed.
- 5. Multiple Choice
A cell that responds to an environmental condition by the release of a chemical is an example of which element of cellular communication?
a signaling molecule
a responding cell
a receptor protein
a signaling cell
- 6. Multiple Choice
A chemical that binds to a cell and causes its activity to change is an example of which element of cellular communication?
a signaling cell
a responding cell
a receptor protein
a signaling molecule
- 7. Multiple Choice
Which signaling system involves the longest distance between release of a signaling molecule and activation of a receptor?
autocrine
endocrine
contact-dependent
paracrine
- 8. Multiple Choice
Cell signaling between two nerve cells can be thought of as an example of paracrine signaling because:
a receptor is activated.
the responding cell releases more signaling molecule (neurotransmitter).
a signaling molecule (neurotransmitter) is released.
the cells are in close proximity.
- 9. Multiple Choice
Which of the answer choices correctly lists the types of cellular communication from shortest to longest distance traveled by the signaling molecule to reach its responding cell?
endocrine, paracrine, autocrine
autocrine, paracrine, endocrine
paracrine, autocrine, endocrine
autocrine, endocrine, paracrine
- 10. Multiple Choice
Mammalian steroid hormones are signaling molecules that function in which type of cell signaling?
All of these choices are correct.
endocrine
autocrine
paracrine
- 11. Multiple Choice
In the context of cell signaling, to what does the term ligand refer?
the extracellular domain of a receptor protein
a type of gated channel
a signaling molecule that binds to the receptor
the proteins activated as part of a signal transduction pathway
- 12. Multiple Choice
Which type of protein adds a phosphate group to another molecule?
phosphorylase
G protein
phosphatase
kinase
- 13. Multiple Choice
G proteins of G protein-coupled receptors are often made up of three subunits; alpha, beta and gamma.
true
false
- 14. Multiple Choice
What is the function of adenylyl cyclase?
to form protein kinase A (PKA)
to convert ATP into cyclic AMP (cAMP)
to phosphorylate cyclic AMP (cAMP)
to phosphorylate protein kinase A (PKA)
- 15. Multiple Choice
Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is an example of a(n):
G protein.
second messenger.
ligand
effector or target protein.
- 16. Multiple Choice
Most cells usually only have only one signaling pathway.
true
false
- 17. Multiple Choice
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a signaling molecule released by platelets at wound sites to cause nearby fibroblasts to divide and contribute to wound healing. Which of the answer choices best describes PDGF signaling?
contact-dependent signaling
autocrine signaling
endocrine signaling
paracrine signaling
- 18. Multiple Choice
When T cells in your immune system recognize a pathogen, they release Interleukin 6 (IL6), which binds back to receptors on the T cell surface. Which of the answer choices best describes this kind of IL6 signaling?
endocrine signaling
contact-dependent signaling
autocrine signaling
paracrine signaling
- 19. Multiple Choice
A G protein-coupled receptor has been activated by ligand binding. Which component activates the target protein?
beta
alpha
gama
GTP
- 20. Multiple Choice
How is the information contained in a signaling molecule received by a cell?
The signaling molecule moves across the plasma membrane and binds to a receptor protein in the cytoplasm.
The signaling molecule binds to and activates a receptor protein embedded in the plasma membrane.
Depending on the nature of the signaling molecule, it may either bind to and activate a receptor protein embedded in the plasma membrane, or it may move across the plasma membrane and bind to a receptor protein in the cytoplasm.
- 21. Multiple Choice
Adrenaline stimulates an increase in heart rate by binding to:
G protein-coupled receptors on the surface of heart muscle cells.
nuclear transport proteins that allow adrenaline to be taken into the nucleus to act as a transcription factor.
regulatory regions in genes that code for muscle cell proteins.
G proteins on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane.
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