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- 1. Multiple ChoiceA signal molecule that binds to a plasma-membrane protein is aligandsecond messengerprotein kinasereceptor protein
- 2. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following can activate a protein by transferring a phosphate group to it?cAMPG Proteinprotein kinaseprotein phosphatase
- 3. Multiple ChoiceWhat do second messengers do?transport a signal through the lipid bilayerrelay a signal from the outside to the inside of the cellrelay message from the inside of the mebrane throughout the cytoplasmdampen the message
- 4. Multiple ChoiceSignal amplification is most often achieved byan enzyme cascadebinding of multiple signalsbranching pathwaysaction of adenylyl cyclase
- 5. Multiple ChoiceWhat does a protein kinase do?removes phosphatestransfers phosphates from ATP to proteinsactivates an enzyme
- 6. Multiple ChoiceWhat does a protein phosphatase do?removes phosphatestransfers phosphates from ATP to proteinsactivates an enzyme with a signal molecule
- 7. Multiple ChoiceWhat is a phosphorylation cascade?travelling of hormones through the airtravelling of hormones through the bloodthe removal of a phosphatea series of molecules that get phosphorylated
- 8. Multiple ChoiceWhat determines whether a cell is a target cell for a particular signal molecule?phosphorylation cascadecAMPsignal receptorsphosphatase
- 9. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is a chemical message that usually travels through the bloodstream to target cells?hormonelocal regulatorendocrine cell
- 10. Multiple ChoiceHormones are used in ____ signaling.endocrinejuxtacrineautocrineparacrine
- 11. Multiple ChoiceThe 3 steps of signal transduction in order arereception, transduction, responseresponse, transduction, receptionreception, response, transductiontransduction, reception, response
- 12. Multiple ChoiceEach of the following numbered processes are involved in signal transduction pathways:
I. Response
II. Amplification
III. Reception
IV. Transduction
Which of the following represents the sequence of events in a typical signal transduction pathway?I, II, III, IVIII, I, IV, IIII, IV, I, IIIIII, IV, II, I - 13. Multiple Choice
What is being depicted in the image?
Amplification of the signal molecule
Enzymatic proteins inhibiting process of the signal transduction pathway
Kinase groups adding dimer groups to other enzymes
Diffusion of molecules within the cell due to the signaling molecule
- 14. Multiple Choice
Which letter represents the cell membrane?
A
B
C
D
E
- 15. Multiple Choice
Which letter represents the cell surface receptor protein?
A
B
C
D
E
- 16. Multiple Choice
Which letter represents the secondary proteins?
A
B
C
D
E
- 17. Multiple Choice
Which letter represents the ligand?
A
B
C
D
E
- 18. Multiple Choice
Which letter(s) can be proteins? (multiple answers are correct)
A
B
C
D
E
- 19. Multiple Choice
How do bacteria sense local population density?
quorum sensing
bacteria sensing
signal sensing
population sensing
- 20. Multiple Choice
The nasty on your teeth in the morning is an example of what?
biofilm
saliva
dry toothpaste residue
bacterial hormomes
- 21. Multiple Choice
Name the two main second messengers.
cAMP
GTP
Calcium ions
ligands
- 22. Multiple Choice
The final activated molecule in a signaling pathway may function as a what?
transcription factor
second messenger
kinase
phosphatase
- 23. Multiple Choice
One signal molecule can yield different results based on which receptor receives it.
true
false
- 24. Multiple Choice
What word means programmed cell death?
apoptosis
mitosis
Ced-9
bleb
- 25. Multiple Choice
Cell death is a bad thing.
true
false
- 26. Multiple ChoiceDuring which phase of the cell cycle does the cell spend the most time?MitosisCytokinesisInterphase
- 27. Multiple ChoiceDuring which part of the cell cycle does the cell divide?InterphaseMitosisS phase
- 28. Multiple ChoiceWhat is the purpose of the cell cycle?To create new daughter cellsTo prevent cancer from developingTo help the body fight viruses and bacteria
- 29. Multiple Choice
Uncontrolled cell division which usually leads to tumors and disease is called:
Metaphase
Cytokinesis
Cancer
Diabetes
- 30. Multiple ChoiceThe cell carries out normal functions during..interphasecytokinesismitosis
- 31. Multiple ChoiceWhat does NOT happen during interphase?growthDNA replicationobtaining nutrientscell divison
- 32. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following statements is true of cytokinesistakes place in plant cells onlycompletes the cell cycleorganizes DNAoccurs in prophase
- 33. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is NOT a reason we need mitosis.GrowthRecovering from injuriesReplacement of dead cellsSexual reproduction
- 34. Multiple ChoiceThe phase of mitosis in which the sister chromatids separate from each otherprophasemetaphaseanaphasetelophase
- 35. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following shows the correct sequence of the cell cycle?Mitosis-> G1->S->G2->cytokinesisS->G1-> G2-> mitosis-> cytokinesiscytokinesis->mitosis->G1->S->G2G1->S->G2->mitosis->cytokinesis
- 36. Multiple ChoiceHow does mitosis in plant cells differ from mitosis in animal cells?animal cells form a cell plateplant cells form a cell plateplant cells go through the process in reverseplant cells go through two rounds of mitosis while animal cells just do one
- 37. Multiple ChoiceIn which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids line up on the equator of the cell?ProphaseMetaphaseAnaphaseTelophase
- 38. Multiple ChoiceStructure (b) is a ____.chromosomechromatidcentromere
- 39. Multiple Choice
What two components make an active MPF
a growth factor and a mitotic factor
ATP synthetase and a protease
cyclin and tubulin
cyclin and a cyclin-dependent kinase
- 40. Multiple Choice
Endocrine glands secrete _
Hormones
Neurotransmitters
A wide range of chemical substances
- 41. Multiple Choice
What is the main function of the endocrine system?
It creates chemicals, or hormones, that are sent around the body to maintain homeostasis.
It creates electrical messages that are sent around the body to maintain homeostasis.
It maintains the correct level of oxygen in the body to maintain homeostasis.
It releases waste from the body to maintain homeostasis.
- 42. Multiple ChoiceThe gland that stimulates body metabolismThyroidtestesovaryadrenal
- 43. Multiple Choice
Hormone regulation operates under which type of feedback mechanism?
positive feedback
negative feedback
zero feedback
Hormones are not regulated
- 44. Multiple Choice
Feedback loops are important because they allow organisms and the environment to
change based on new inputs
fall apart
change based on new outputs
maintain balance
- 45. Multiple ChoiceIf the environment gets cold, we will often shiver in order to:keep body temperature the same as the external temperaturedecrease body temperatureincrease body temperatureregulate blood pressure
- 46. Multiple ChoiceInsulin is secreted by:α-cells in the Islets of Langerhansβ-cells in the Islets of Langerhansβ-cells in the pancreatic medullaα-cells in the pancreatic cortex
- 47. Multiple ChoiceGlucagon is secreted by:α-cells in the Islets of Langerhansβ-cells in the Islets of Langerhansβ-cells in the pancreatic medullaα-cells in the pancreatic cortex
- 48. Multiple ChoiceGlucose levels in the blood are controlled by the:PancreasThyroidParathyroidsAdrenal Glands
- 49. Multiple ChoiceA person who is having an anaphylactic reaction is given an inject of epinephrine. The purpose of this is primarily to:Dilate pupilsOpen air passage waysIncrease blood sugarDilate blood vessels in muscles
- 50. Multiple ChoiceThe hormone that lowers blood sugar is:InsulinGlucagonCortisolGnRH
- 51. Multiple ChoiceHormones that enter cells directly to cause changes are usually:SteroidsProteins
- 52. Multiple ChoiceThe second messenger produced by the action of many protein hormones is:cAMPAdenylate CyclaseG-ProteinEpinephrine
- 53. Multiple Choice
What hormone is responsible for the "fight or flight" response?
Testosterone
Cortisol
Adrenaline
Parathyroid Hormone
- 54. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following anterior pituitary hormones stimulates growth of long bones?ProlactinThyrotropinAdrenocorticotropic hormoneHuman growth hormone
- 55. Multiple ChoiceInsufficient production during childhood results in dwarfism, while overproduction results in gigantism.InsulinFollicle stimulating hormoneOxytocinHuman growth hormone
- 56. Multiple ChoiceCells that ingest pathogens areplasma cellsphagocytic cellshelper T cellsantibodies
- 57. Multiple ChoiceAnything that triggers an immune response is a/nlymph cellantigenantibodyneutrop
- 58. Multiple ChoiceLike all other body systems, the immune system helps the body maintain homeostasis. Which statement best describes how the immune system does this?it protects other organs and tissues from infection and diseaseit breaks down food to provide cells with nutrientsit gathers information through the senses and controls all other body systemsit transports oxygen and carbon dioxide
- 59. Multiple ChoiceWhat do B cells produce?antigensmacrophagesT cellsantibodies
- 60. Multiple ChoiceWhat do antibodies attach to on the pathogen?Anti inflammatoryAntigensAntisepticAntibodies
- 61. Multiple ChoicePathogens are recognized by their...antigensantibodieskiller t-cellsB-cells
- 62. Multiple ChoiceOut of t-cells and b-cells which is the helper cell?b-cellst-cellsneitherboth
- 63. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is NOT acquired
production of antibodies
helper T cell making memory cells
cytotoxic T cell killing infected body cell
creation of histamine during a splinter infection
- 64. Multiple Choice
Which cell is directly associated with cell mediated responses
macrophage
helper T cell
cytotoxic T cell
B cell
- 65. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is NOT true of autoimmune diseases
the immune system targets "self"
the immune system has been deactivated
the immune system has over active cytotoxic T cells
mutliple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease
- 66. Multiple Choice
Vaccines will trigger your body to make all of the following EXCEPT
antibodies
memory cells
white blood cells
red blood cells
- 67. Multiple Choice
Vaccinations will
give you a deadly disease
give you autism
give you memory cells
give you autoimmune diseases
- 68. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is NOT specific?
Helper T cell
Cytoxic T cell
B cell
Macrophage
- 69. Multiple Choice
Which is the most important thing used in the first line of defense?
macrophage
fever
skin
antigens
- 70. Multiple Choice
Each antibody is specifically made to attach to only one type of antigen
True
False
- 71. Multiple Choice
Once you have Influenza A, you will never be sick from that specific pathogen again.
True
False
- 72. Multiple Choice
What type of response is this
nonspecific and humoral
nonspecific and cell mediated
specific and humoral
specific and cell mediated
- 73. Multiple ChoiceWhich is an example of passive immunity?You have been infectedYou have been vaccinatedYou made antibodiesYou got your mother's antibodies
- 74. Multiple ChoiceWhat do memory cells do?Kills the virusEats the virusPatrol the area and make the immune system work faster next time.Makes antibodies
- 75. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is an example of active immunity?You get a vaccinationYou create antibodiesYou get infectedAll of these are correct
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