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- 1. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is or are important in designing an experiment?
I. Control of all lurking variables in the experiment.
II. Randomization of subjects to treatment groups.
III. A large number of subjects to control for small-sample variability
I only.
II only.
I and II only.
II and III only.
I, II, and III
- 2. Multiple Choice
A botanist wants to test how much sunflowers in three different temperature environments - 15°C, 20°C, and 25°C - respirate (oxygen) in mol/L during germination. 300 sunflowers seeds were each given an equal volume of water (150 mL) each week, each separated randomly into three identical greenhouses. The results were collected. Which of the following is TRUE?
The experiment is flawed because the 150 mL of water was not assigned randomly.
The experiment is flawed because the sunflower seeds were not blocked.
The explanatory variables are the glucose levels and the temperature of the environments.
The situation described is an observational study because the botanist did not randomly select the sunflower seeds.
The results of the study are conclusive only on the basis of cause and effect.
- 3. Multiple Choice
John Adams, a history teacher, wanted to determine whether short answer or multiple choice were more effective in testing his 86 students’ recall of over six periods to select from. The students in his first period were given either the short-answer (S) or the multiple choice (M) treatment, via coin flip, into two equally-sized groups. After that, the students may begin their tests. Both treatments contain 20 similar recall questions. This experiment is NOT ideal because John Adams
utilized a completely randomized design as opposed to a matched-pairs design.
did not account for students’ grade on the previous assignment.
did not control for the time given to each treatment group.
did not randomly select the students from the population of interest.
created a study that does not give certainty to its results for its given conditions.
- 4. Multiple Choice
The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics collects sample data from households. In the Consumer Expenditure Survey, approximately 500,000 households have been randomly selected to partake in the survey. 300,000 households responded; only 200,000 returned their results, where 20 strata are separated based on income. What is the sample size of the Consumer Expenditure Survey?
All households of the United States.
The 500,000 households randomly selected.
The 300,000 households that responded to the survey.
The 200,000 households that returned their results.
The 10,000 households per strata.
- 5. Multiple Choice
Data were randomly collected in 20 cities on the percentage of women in the workforce in 1990 and in 1994. A two-proportion z-test is performed to determine if there is ongoing discrimination. What kind of design was this?
I. A prospective observational study.
II. A cluster sample survey.
III. A retrospective observational study.
I only
II only
III only
II and III only
I and II only
- 6. Multiple Choice
Algebra teacher Euler Leonard asked the first 15 students to enter his first period class the amount of time they spend doing their homework using technology. What is a large problem associated with this survey?
Nonresponse of students.
Undercoverage of students.
Response bias from students.
Convenience sample is used.
Voluntary response sample is used.
- 7. Multiple Choice
Which of the following survey demonstrates response bias?
A survey in which the principle asked the first 100 students to walk in front of his door questions regarding school work.
500 randomly selected students had 300 students refuse to respond to any future phone calls.
20 football students were asked their feelings about sports in their schools.
The principle asked each student in each classroom how much time they spent doing their homework.
"With the price of apples rising because of it, how important is the quality of apples?" is asked of the general consumer in a grocery store.
- 8. Multiple Choice
The web portal AOL places opinion poll questions next to many of its news stories. Simply click your response to join the sample. One of the questions in January 2008 was "Do you plan to diet this year?" More than 30,000 people responded, with 68% saying "Yes." You conclude that
about 68% of Americans planned to diet in 2008
the poll used a convenience sample, so the results tell us little about the population of all adults.
the poll uses voluntary response, so the results tell us little about the population of all adults.
the sample is too small to draw any conclusions.
The poll undercovers the majority of Americans who may not plan to diet.
- 9. Multiple Choice
A farmer is conducting an experiment to determine which variety of apple tree, Fuji or Gala, will produce more fruit in his orchard. The orchard is divided into 20 equally sized square plots. He has 10 trees of each variety and randomly assigns each tree to a separate plot in the orchard. What are the experimental unit(s) in the study?
The trees.
The plots.
The apples.
The farmer.
The tree variety.
- 10. Multiple Choice
To gather information about the validity of a new standardized test for 10th grade students in a particular state, a random sample of 15 high schools was selected from the state. The new test was administered to every 10th grade student in the selected high schools. What kind of sample is this?
Simple Random Sample (SRS)
Stratified
Cluster
Systematic
Voluntary response
- 11. Multiple Choice
Suppose that 35% of the registered voters in a state are registered as Republicans, 40% as Democrats, and 25% as Independents. A newspaper wants to select a sample of 1000 registered voters to predict the outcome of the next election. If they randomly select 350 Republicans, randomly select 400 Democrats, and randomly select 250 Independents, did this sampling procedure result in a simple random sample of registered voters from this district?
Yes, because each registered voter had the same chance of being chosen.
Yes, because random chance was involved.
No, because not all registered voters had the same chance of being selected.
No, because there were a different number of registered voters selected from each party.
No, because not all possible groups of 1000 registered voters had the same chance of being chosen.
- 12. Multiple Choice
Which of the following can NOT be used to determine whether or not causation is associated with an observation?
The association between two variables are strong.
The association between two variables is consistent.
As the value of the variables become larger, there is a stronger association.
The alleged effect precedes the cause in time.
The alleged cause is plausible.
- 13. Multiple Choice
A mailing list sends emails to those who signup for a service of daily news regarding college applications and college prep. At the end of the month, signed up individuals are randomly assigned as a survey participant or non-participant. The survey asks about the service and feelings over the college prep and application process. Which of the following is MOST likely true?
I. There is going to be an issue of non-response.
II. You will see a non-representative sample.
III. The survey falls privy to voluntary response.
I only.
II only
III only
I and II only.
I, II, and III.
- 14. Poll
Was the quiz challenging and was it enjoyable?
It was challenging but enjoyable.
It was not challenging but very enjoyable.
It was challenging and not enjoyable.
It was neither challenging or enjoyable.
- 15. Multiple Choice
There are approximately 332 million people that live in the US, of which 29 million live in Texas, with about 10 million children. A study wants to determine whether lead poisoning is associated with the sudden increase in violence in schools. The study looked at 40 randomly selected public elementary schools in Texas out of about 20,000, approximately 13,000 students out of 6.48 million, based on proximity to recent lead spillages. Which of the following gives the population of interest in this study?
332 million people.
29 million people.
10 million children.
6.48 million students.
13 thousand students.
- 16. Multiple Choice
A high school wants to determine whether calculator use in mathematics exam lowers exam scores. There are two types of Preparatory Calculus (Pre-Calc) classes, Honors and Regulars, in the high school. The experiment will impose two conditions: "use calculator (U)" or "don't use (D)." All PreCalc classes are given the same exam and do not require the use of the calculator for either treatment. Given there are 12 precalculus classes, with 4 being honors, which of the following give the best experimental design choice and provides the best explanation?
Use a completely randomized design because honors classes do not introduce confounding to the explanatory variable.
Use a randomized block design because the honors classes may introduce a confounding variable.
Use a randomized block design because teachers may try to improve the exam scores in matched-pairs design.
Use a matched-pairs design because we want to test whether calculator use causes a change in exam scores.
Use a matched-pairs design because students of some classes may feel more accustomed to using the calculator than others.
- 17. Multiple Choice
A geometry teacher randomly assigned her randomly selected periods one of two treatments: a test with no true-false questions (N) and one with (W). She wants to test whether the proportion of correctly answered questions increased by a significant amount from N to W. Her results showed that the difference was significant. What is the appropriate conclusion to draw from this experiment?
True-false questions increase students' test scores for this sample only.
True-false questions increase students' test scores for her class periods.
True-false questions increase students' test scores for all Geometry students.
True-false questions either increase or do not increase students' test scores for her class periods.
True-false questions either increase or do not increase students' test scores for this sample.
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