90%

50%

10%

100%

They produce oxygen

The use the sun's energy to make their own food

They are a major food source in many ecosystems

They are decomposers (break down dead organisms)

leopard seal

algae

krill

killer whale

tropical rain forests, then deserts, then taiga.

temperate deciduous forests, then taiga, tundra.

tundra, then grasslands, then tropical rain forests.

taiga, then desert, then tundra.

nutrient runoff and industrial waste discharge

overfishing and entanglement of marine mammals in nets

sewage and algal blooms

all of choices are ocean threats

are always saltwater ecosystems.

are always freshwater ecosystems.

are ecosystems where both fresh water and salt water are present.

prevent the development of salt marshes.

The water temperature is too cold.

There is no sunlight.

There are not enough nutrients.

The salinity level of the water is too high.

pumping heated water or steam from rock formations.

circulating fluid underground.

holding water behind a dam.

using methane from decomposition.

it is made of synthetic material.

it is made from petroleum or natural gas.

it can be broken down by biological processes.

if can be disposed of in a landfill.

The heat generated from burning coal turns water into steam, which turns a turbine, thus running the electric generator.

The coal is burned, which heats the air. The hot air rises and turns the electric generator’s turbine.

The turbine breaks down the coal into a liquid fuel that powers the electric generator, thus producing an electric current.

The coal is heated until it vaporizes. The coal vapor is distilled in the combustion chamber, which powers the electric generator.

hunting and destroying habitats.

pollution

introduction of invasive species

all of the choices are correct

can only be located in mountain ranges.

will always leak lethal amounts of radioactivity.

should not be located in areas with earthquakes.

should be able to undergo the process of transmutation.

At the present rate, we will run out of fossil fuels in about 250 years.

Burning fossil fuels releases large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

Fossil fuels account for 69 percent of the electricity generated in the United States.

Fossil Fuels can be remade at the rate at which we are consuming them

risen overall

fallen overall

stayed the same

increased and then decreased

a neutron splits a uranium-235 atom, forming new elements and releasing several neutrons, plus energy.

a neutron splits a daughter nucleus, thus creating uranium-234.

radioactivity causes the neutron of a uranium-235 atom to split in two.

a lightweight atom combines with another lightweight atom to create a single, heavy atom.

are constantly being formed.

will take years to deplete.

humans can manufacture.

were once living organisms.

sediments cover dead marine organisms and heat converts them into complex, energy-rich carbon molecules.

deposits of methane are subjected to high pressure until they condense into crystals.

swamplands are buried by sediment. The added weight creates heat and pressure that converts the plants to coal.

organic remains get trapped in nonporous rock and merge into large bodies of complex, energy-rich carbon molecules.

uses synthetic materials.

has little potential to conserve landfill space.

is always carried out in city-run facilities.

could effectively handle a variety of wastes.

a gasoline engine and an electric battery.

an efficient gasoline engine and a fuel cell.

a combustion engine and a solar cell.

a photovoltaic cell and an electric motor.

wind turbines are not cost-effective.

large amounts of farmland are needed for the turbines.

the difficulty of transporting the energy from its source to where it is needed.

wind turbines generate only a small amount of energy.

to generate electricity.

for manufacturing.

as a source of hydropower.

for heating and cooking.

is produced when wastes react with oxygen.

must be pumped to the surface in leachate pipes.

is a major contaminant of groundwater supplies.

may be captured and used to produce energy.

At one time, Earth’s entire surface was a tropical rain forest.

At one time, Antarctica was located closer to the equator.

The rotation of Earth has increased, causing cooling of the atmosphere.

Catastrophic volcanic eruptions melted the ice and exposed the soil to sunlight.

convergent

divergent

transform

reverse

Plates move apart and volcanoes form.

Plates are not moving.

Plates move past each other sideways

Plates move toward each other and volcanoes form.

Water stored as ice

Water stored in the ocean

Water stored in streams

There is no starting point of the water cycle

herring gulls

rats

sandpipers

ghost crabs

decreased use of atmospheric CO₂

decreased combustion of fossil fuels

increased rates of decomposition

increased production of organic compounds

energy flows in one direction and nutrients recycle.

energy is limited in the biosphere and nutrients are always available.

nutrients flow in one direction and energy recycles.

energy forms chemical compounds and nutrients are lost as heat

The First Law of Thermodynamics

Newton's First Law of Motion

Not true

Einstein's Law

thermal energy

nuclear energy

kinetic energy

potential energy

turning turbines in a dam.

rubbing copper against a substance that does not conduct electricity.

converting mechanical energy into electrical energy.

converting oil into electricity.

establishment of youth curfews after dark

creation of a privately funded healthcare system

conversion from underground mining for coal to strip mining for coal

provision of grants for homeowners to convert to gas or oil-fueled heaters

Sulfur dioxide will replace carbon dioxide in the carbon cycle.

With fewer trees, the park will store a greater amount of carbon dioxide.

Acid deposition will have no direct effect on the carbon cycle.

There will be fewer trees to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

it keeps the Earth at a temperature that can support life

water is the most effective Greenhouse Gas.

light from the sun is converted into heat and radiated back to space

Gasses in the atmosphere trap incoming solar radiation

Over a long period of time, the two species of turtle will evolve to adapt to the different environmental conditions.

The turtles to the east of the canyon will jump or crawl across the canyon and join the other turtles in the berry fields.

Despite differences in food and environmental conditions, since the turtles were one species in the beginning, they will remain the same species.

Because of different conditions, they will rapidly become two new species of turtle.

parasitism

asexual reproduction

natural selection

symbiosis

stable ecosystem that can last for many years

loss of heterotrophs that cannot be recovered

forest consisting of only producers and decomposers

long-term rise in environmental temperatures

all of the organisms shown in the diagram

the frogs and snakes shown at levels C and D

a single species of grasshopper shown at level B

the plants shown at level A

Earlier generations had smaller numbers of termites than later generations.

Later generations were able to live through spraying because they were used to it.

Earlier generations had several members that were old and weak.

Later generations were the offspring of termites that were more resistant to the spraying.

higher mutation rates on one side

the isolation of the two groups

differences in reproductive rates

low genetic diversity in the initial population

I only

II only

I and II only

I and III only

An exceptionally windy area off the coast of Massachusetts

In a hot and dry area like Arizona

Along a wide and powerful river flowing through Colorado

In a volcanically active area like Washington state

a unified energy policy by the government that supports the development of alternative energy sources

the lack of government and private financial support for the development of renewable energy sources

advancements in technological development of renewable energy sources

none of the answers are correct

seasonal changes in primary productivity

increased deforestation

increased emissions from human combustion of fossil fuels

all of the answers are correct

The overall number of Green jobs will decrease, as people take better care of the environment.

Green jobs will increase until 2025 and then begin to decrease

Green jobs will increase with about 2 million people expected to be employed in these jobs by 2030

All types of Green jobs will show consistent growth from 2010 to 2030.

Competition with other species reduced the number of frogs.

The life cycle of frogs is dependent on rainfall.

Habitat destruction reduced the number of frogs.

The frogs moved to a wetland with fewer trees.

extinction

survival of the fittest

succession

dynamic equilibrium