Harlem Renaissance

New Deal

Reconstruction Era

Progressive Era

Government leaders introduced health-care reform laws.

Lobbyists focused attention on the power of corporate monopolies.

Women worked to improve conditions in tenement houses.

Progressives worked to ratify a prohibition amendment.

By encouraging African Americans to achieve equality through vocational education.

By directly supporting Marcus Garvey’s Black Star Steamship Line.

By encouraging African Americans to accept Jim Crow laws.

By forming the basis for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).

Limiting the power of major railroad companies.

Creating alternative maritime shipping routes.

Designating additional land as national parks.

Reducing the influence of environmental lobbyists.

States instituted their own environmental regulations.

Settlement on lands with fragile ecosystems was prohibited.

Monopolies seized control of natural resources.

National parks were created as a way to manage land resources.

The government passed the Sherman Antitrust Act.

Private companies refused to import foreign foods.

The government passed the Pure Food and Drug Act.

Labor unions protested unsafe working conditions.

Each state held party conventions in order to select senators.

A national referendum was held to standardize the procedures for selecting senators.

Open primaries were used to limit the choices of senators who could be confirmed by state legislatures.

A constitutional amendment was ratified that required senators to be elected directly by popular vote.

A national referendum.

An executive order.

A Supreme Court decision.

A constitutional amendment.

Frances Willard and her support of the temperance movement.

A. Philip Randolph and his protests during World War II.

Jane Addams and her programs for new immigrants.

Eugene V. Debs and his establishment of the American Railway Union.

More women have been elected to Congress.

Citizens have a more direct influence on lawmaking.

Corrupt officials can be removed from office.

Primary elections are prohibited in several states.