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- 1. Multiple ChoiceHow do we describe transformation in bacteria?the creation of a strand of DNA from an RNA moleculethe creation of a strand of RNA from a DNA moleculethe infection of cells by a phage DNA moleculeassimilation of external DNA into a cell
- 2. Multiple ChoiceAfter mixing a heat-killed, phosphorescent strain of bacteria with a living nonphosphorescent strain, you discover that some of the living cells are now phosphorescent. Which observations would provide the best evidence that the ability to fluoresce is a heritable trait?DNA passed from the heat-killed strain to the living strain.Protein passed from the heat-killed strain to the living strain.The phosphorescence in the living strain is especially bright.Descendants of the living cells are also phosphorescent.
- 3. Multiple Choice
In eukaryotes, proteins that help the RNA polymerase bind to the regulatory region for transcription are called ____________.transcription factorstopoisomeraseregulatory genesactivators - 4. Multiple ChoiceCytosine makes up 42% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA from an organism. Approximately what percentage of the nucleotides in this sample will be thymine?8%16%31%42%
- 5. Multiple ChoiceWhat is the role of operons in prokaryote gene expression?It makes the genes prokaryotes be turned onIt accounts for the regulation of gene activity in response to the needs of the cellsTo make DNA for the geneTo make the gene turn of and off
- 6. Multiple ChoiceHow do repressor proteins and inducers affect transcription in prokaryotes?The repressor doesn't get turned of to let the gene work if no inducer is thereThe repressor protein and inducer make the transcription go fasterThe inducer doesn't let transcription occurThe repressor stops the gene from working
- 7. Multiple ChoiceWhat are 2 ways gene expression is controlled in eukaryotes?Through inducible and non-inducible factorsThrough introns and exonsThrough DNA, RNA and proteinsThe promoter gene and transcription factors
- 8. Multiple ChoiceA distal control region that activators bind to are bent to contact mediator proteins and form the transcription initiation complexenhancerspromotersrepressorstranscription factors
- 9. Multiple ChoiceWhat is recombinant DNA?DNA containing genes foreign to that organismDNA which has been impacted by epigeneticsDNA that has restriction enzymesDNA that has been sequenced
- 10. Multiple ChoiceWhat is a restriction digest?Using enzymes to cut DNA at specific locationsUsing enzymes to replication DNAUsing science to make genetic clonesAnalysis of DNA with an electrical current
- 11. Multiple ChoiceWhat is PRC techniquecell free, automated technique whre tiny pieces of DNA can be rapidly copiedpolymerases chainriflipsreverse transcriptase
- 12. Multiple ChoiceWhat is true of gel electrophoresis?Technique that seperates molecules of DNA in an agarose gel in an electric fieldDNA is digested with restriction enzymesDNA runs from the cathode(-) to the anode (-)all of the above
- 13. Multiple ChoiceIn eukaryotes, proteins that help the RNA polymerase bind to the regulatory region for transcription are called ____________.transcription factorstopoisomeraseregulatory genesactivators
- 14. Multiple ChoiceAlternative RNA splicing ____.is a mechanism for increasing the rate of translationcan allow the production of proteins of different sizes and functions from a single mRNAcan allow the production of similar proteins from different RNAsincreases the rate of transcription
- 15. Multiple ChoiceIf an mRNA molecule has introns and exons in it, where is it?At a ribosomeIn the nucleusin the rough ERcould be in the nucleus or the ribosome
- 16. Multiple ChoiceWhat type of operon is the trp (tryptophan) operon?induciblerepressiblepositive controlpromoible
- 17. Multiple Choice
The "on/off" switch for an operon is called the
promoter
enhancer
operator
gene
- 18. Multiple Choice
In the lac operon model, the genes within the operon will be expressed if
lactose is absent in the cell
glucose is present in the cell
lactose is present in the cell
tryptophan is present
- 19. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the follwoing best describes the significance of the TATA box in eukaryotic promoters?it is the recognition site for a specific transcription factorit sets the reading frame of the mRNAit is the recognition site for ribosomal bindingit signals the end of the nucleotide sequence of the gene
- 20. Multiple ChoiceRNA polymerase moves in which direction along the DNA?5' to 3'3' to 5' along the template strand3' to 5' along nontemplate(coding) strand5' to 3' along the template strand
- 21. Multiple ChoiceA chemical modification of DNA that does not affect the nucleotide sequence of a gene but makes that gene less likely to be expressed.methylationacetylationtranscriptiontranslation
- 22. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is an example of post-transcriptional control of gene expression?the addition of methyl groups to cytosine bases of DNAthe binding of transcription factors to a promoterthe removal of introns and splicing together of exonsgene amplification contributing to cancer
- 23. Multiple ChoiceThe parts of a gene that do NOT code for amino acids in a protein are calledintronsexonscodonsanticodons
- 24. Multiple ChoiceThe production of mature mRNA in eukaryotes involvescutting introns out and spicing exons togetheradding the 5' capadding the 3' poly A tailall of these are correct
- 25. Multiple ChoiceWhat is the function of the poly-A tail in mRNA?to add modified guanin to the 3' end of the mRNAto indicate the site of translational terminationto code for the binding of RNA polymerase to the DNAto help protect the mRNA from degradation by hydrolytic enzymes
- 26. Multiple ChoiceWhat must happen to a newly made polypeptide before it can be secreted from a cell?it must be translated by a ribosome that remains free of attachment to the ERits signal sequence must target it to the ER, after which it goes to the GolgiIts signal sequence must be cleaved offIts signal sequence must target it to the plasma membrane
- 27. Multiple ChoiceAll of the following are true about DNA methylation EXCEPTtakes place on the DNAenzymes add a methyl groupwhen it occurs, transcription is more likely to occurchromatin becomes more tightly packed
- 28. Multiple ChoiceAll of the following are true about histone acetylation EXCEPTtakes place on the histoneenzymes add a acetyl groupwhen it occurs, transcription is more likely to occurchromatin becomes more tightly packed
- 29. Multiple ChoiceInheritance of traits by mechanisms not directly involving nucleotide sequence is calledepigenetic inheritancedifferential gene expressionchromosomal inheritancegene regulation
- 30. Multiple Choice
You have given bacteria a plasmid with an ampicillin resistance gene. Which of the following results would indicate that transformation of the bacteria occurred?
Growth in agar without the ampicillin by bacteria with the plasmid
Growth in ampicillin agar by bacteria with the plasmid
Growth in ampicillin agar by bacteria without plasmid
Growth in agar without the ampicillin by bacteria without the plasmid
- 31. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is an example of negaive control for prokaryote gene regulation?
A regulatory protein will bind to the operator and allow RNA polymerase to bind and induce transcription
A regulatory protein will bind to the operator and block RNA polymerase from binding and stop transcription
A regulatory protein will bind to the promoter and allow RNA polymerase to bind and induce transcription
A regulatory protein will bind to the promoter and block RNA polymerase from binding and stop transcription
- 32. Multiple Choice
What is used to ensure the bacteria transformed with the gene for antiobiotic resistance as only the transformed bacteria will grow on this medium?
ampicillin
arabinose
LB
GFP
- 33. Multiple ChoiceWhich gene is responsible for "turning on" the glow?blaARAcGFPLB
- 34. Multiple ChoiceWhat abbreviation represents the sugar molecule needed to "turn on" the green fluorescent protein gene?LBAMPARA+pGlo
- 35. Multiple ChoiceWhat process is occurring in the diagram?transductiontransformationconjugationbinary fission
- 36. Multiple ChoiceGenetically engineered bacteria are currently being used to produce certain human proteins. Which best explains the advantage associated with this process?The genetically engineered proteins can be used to produce human clones.The genetically engineered proteins have been found to cure most cancers.The genetically engineered proteins are less harmful than normal human proteins.The genetically engineered proteins can be produced in large quantities with less cost.
- 37. Multiple ChoiceDNA analysis performed by a forensic scientist on blood found at a crime scene is compared to the DNA analysis of four suspects as shown below.
Which suspect was most likely present at the crime scene?Suspect ASuspect BSuspect CSuspect D - 38. Multiple ChoiceHow do you create recombinant DNA?First, cut the gene and plasmid with the same restriction enzyme. Second, insert the gene into the plasmid.First, insert the gene into the plasmid. Second, cut the gene and plasmid with the same restriction enzyme.First, cut the gene and plasmid with different restriction enzymes. Second, insert the gene into the plasmid.First, insert the gene into the plasmid. Second, cut the gene and plasmid with different restriction enzymes.
- 39. Multiple ChoiceWhich best describes stem cells?stem cells can only come from embryosstem cells can only come from adult bone marrowstem cells do not ever changestem cells can develop into different specialized cells
- 40. Multiple ChoiceGel electrophoresis separates DNA according to size. Which is true regarding movement of the DNA?The longest pieces of DNA will move the least distance.The longest pieces of DNA will move the greatest distance.The shortest pieces of DNA line up along the middle.The shortest pieces of DNA line up an equal distance from the middle
- 41. Multiple Choice
How many fragments resulted from the cut above?
1
2
3
4
- 42. Multiple Choice
How many bp's make up each fragment?
11
14
7
22
28
- 43. Multiple Choice
How many bp make up each fragment from left to right?
3 bp, 5 bp, 4 bp
4 bp, 5 bp, 3 bp
7 bp, 13 bp, 8 bp
8 bp, 13 bp, 7 bp
5 bp, 9 bp, 5 bp
- 44. Multiple Choice
A student performed a gel electrophoresis experiment. The results are represented in the diagram
below. Compared to the fragments at the top of the gel, the fragments at the lower end are
larger, and move slower
larger, and move faster
smaller, and move faster
smaller, and move slower
- 45. Multiple ChoiceWhat charge is DNA?positivenegativeneutral
- 46. Multiple Choice
Suppose a segment of DNA contains five restriction sites for a particular restriction enzyme. How many fragments of DNA will remain after the enzyme is used to cut the DNA?
4
5
6
10
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