Rodric and Sydney are friends who live only five miles apart. Rodric tells Sydney the forecast in his area for this week, which is consistently 4 °F warmer than it is in Sydney’s area. Based on the picture, which statement describes the reason that the temperature of the city is higher than the rural area?

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Two brothers, Alex and Zayne, are giving their dogs baths in two separate bathtubs. Both bathtubs are filled halfway with water, and their temperatures are measured using the same thermometer. The temperature of each bathtub’s water is 103 ºF. Alex’s bathtub holds twice the volume as Zayne’s bathtub.

Which bathtub has more thermal energy?

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Sarah warmed two cubes of aluminum to 50 °C. Cube A has a volume of four cubic centimeters. Cube B has a volume of two cubic centimeters. If the cubes do not touch each other, which of these statements is true?

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Sous-vide, pronounced sue veed, cooking is a way to cook food slowly and evenly. The food is vacuum sealed in a plastic bag and then placed in a water-filled container with a lid. The machine maintains a constant water temperature. The water is typically at a much lower temperature than would be found in an oven and slowly cooks the food over the course of an hour or more. Some chefs prefer sous-vide cooking for certain foods because this technique helps keep food moist.

The sous-vide machines found in restaurants are very expensive. An engineer is designing a less expensive version for people to use in their homes. The criteria and constraints are:

inexpensive smaller than 18 inches on each side

holds at least 1 pound of meat or vegetables at a time warms up quickly to 185 ºF

keeps the water in the device at a constant temperature

A sous-vide machine uses a warming coil to maintain the water at a specific temperature. Which statements correctly describe energy in the system?

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Object A and object B are made of the same material. They are at the same temperature. They also contain the same amount of thermal energy. Which statement is true about objects A and B?

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Engineers want to make a cooling sheet on which to transfer granola bars when they come out of the oven. They want the cooling sheet to transfer thermal energy from the granola bars. The engineers are studying each material's thermal conductivity, or how easily a material can transfer thermal energy in the form of heat. Thermal conductivity is measured in W/m•K.

Based on the information in the table, which material should the engineers use to make the cooling sheets?

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The tool in the figure shows the temperature on both the Fahrenheit scale and the Celsius scale.

What temperature does the tool show on the Fahrenheit scale?

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The picture shows the mechanism inside of a traditional wind-up music box. When the crank is turned, a gear causes a cylinder to rotate. The cylinder has a series of bumps on its surface that hit a line of pins. The pins bend slightly and then vibrate as they snap back into place.

Which statement describes the energy transformations and transfers that are occurring when a wind-up music box plays?

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Laith notices that the air in his science classroom is much warmer than the air in his math classroom. Which statement describes how the air particles are different in his colder math classroom?

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A swimmer jumps into a pool and does a cannonball, producing a big splash. Which statement explains the energy exchange as the swimmer hits the pool water?

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Sous-vide, pronounced sue veed, cooking is a way to cook food slowly and evenly. The food is vacuum sealed in a plastic bag and then placed in a water-filled container with a lid. The machine maintains a constant water temperature. The water is typically at a much lower temperature than would be found in an oven and slowly cooks the food over the course of an hour or more. Some chefs prefer sous-vide cooking for certain foods because this technique helps keep food moist.

The sous-vide machines found in restaurants are very expensive. An engineer is designing a less expensive version for people to use in their homes. The criteria and constraints are:

inexpensive smaller than 18 inches on each side

holds at least 1 pound of meat or vegetables at a time warms up quickly to 185 ºF

keeps the water in the device at a constant temperature

The engineer is experimenting with using oil instead of water. He knows that water and oil have different thermal conductivity, a measurement of how easily thermal energy flows into or out of a substance. The higher the conductivity, the more easily thermal energy flows. The table shows the thermal conductivity of water and oil. In which situation would a potato cook the fastest once the container warms to 185 ºF?

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Which unit of measurement is commonly used to measure thermal energy?

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During science class, Sophie measures the temperature of water every minute as it is heating. After a few minutes, the temperature increases to 82 °C. Which other property of the particles increases?

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A diver jumps from a high dive, does a double flip, and lands in the water. As she falls, she gains kinetic energy. This gain of energy is balanced by a loss of which form of energy?

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Which of these best explains how temperature is related to heat?

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