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- 1. Multiple Choice
The cladogram shows the evolution of land plants as indicated by fossil records.
Which discovery would challenge the validity of this cladogram?
A large aquatic vascular plant about 200 million years old
A species of algae that has existed for less than one million years
A moss species that has existed for less than 380 million years
A fossil of a fern more than 425 million years old
- 2. Multiple Choice
Scientists estimate that there are more than 20,000 species of ants. The species range in size from 1 mm long to 38 mm long and live in most environments. The diets of ants range from flowers and seeds to fluids from their own larvae. Ants have been able to successfully inhabit so many different environments because their populations have been able to --
hybridize with other species of insects
adapt to a variety of habitats and food sources
fill niches usually occupied by mammals
occupy habitats that have no other life-forms
- 3. Multiple Choice
Two populations of mice living in the same forest are separated by a large water-filled ditch. After a rainstorm, flooding brings several mice from one population to the other population. When the mice from the first population reproduce with members of the second population, which of the following will likely occur?
All of the offspring will die as a result of reproductive mutations.
The offspring will be forced to leave the second population.
The offspring will be genetically identical to their parent from the first population.
The offspring in the second population will have greater genetic variety.
- 4. Multiple Choice
The picture shows bean-shaped glands called nodes. The clusters of cells in the nodes include macrophages that break down viruses and other potentially harmful materials. Nodes also contain cells that produce protein particles capable of capturing harmful materials that flow in tissue fluid through the nodes. Different parts of the body are drained by nodes in different regions of the body.
Which body systems are directly responsible for regulating these nodes and protecting the body from harmful materials in tissue fluid?
Immune and lymphatic systems
Digestive and nervous systems
Endocrine and digestive systems
Circulatory and nervous systems
- 5. Multiple Choice
Organisms are classified today using the Linnaean system, and the following table shows the taxonomic classification of two marine organisms living along the Pacific Coast.
Taxonomic classification is important to marine biologists because it provides a way to -
prove that marine evolution occurs
discover and name every marine organism on Earth
designate Latin as the universal language of marine biology
identify marine organisms and find evolutionary relationships between them
- 6. Multiple Choice
When a person is suddenly cut by a sharp object, a nervous impulse is sent along a sensory neuron to the spinal cord. The impulse is immediately transmitted through motor neurons to produce a response. Which of the following correctly identifies and describes this response?
It is a conditioned response that occurs only to prevent injury.
It is a learned response that does not occur in infants and small children.
It is a reflex response that causes various muscles to contract in order to move away from the object.
It is a voluntary response that is initiated only after the impulse has been carried to the relevant area in the brain.
- 7. Multiple Choice
A student conducted an investigation to study phototropism in grasses. The only difference between the control group and the experimental group was the light conditions. The control group was provided full light, while the experimental group was shaded on one side. The diagrams show the average heights and positions of blades of grass in the investigation. (View Image)
Which statement best explains why the grass tips of the experimental group bent toward the light?
Water evaporated faster on the side of the plant having full light.
Light sensors in the grass tips simulated a hormone in the shoot system.
The xylem in the roots system absorbed more nutrients from the shaded side.
The side facing the light has greater chance of absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
- 8. Multiple Choice
Part of an important cellular process involving a DNA strand is modeled in the image. (View image)
What is the purpose of this cellular process?
Preserving genetic information for future generations
Deleting the information in the sequence produced from the DNA template
Transcribing information in the DNA sequence for use by the cell
Producing more nucleotides for the DNA sequence
- 9. Multiple Choice
The energy pyramid shows the energy made available by producers. (View Image)
Base on the energy flow between trophic levels in an energy pyramid, how much energy would be expected to be found at the secondary consumer level in this pyramid?
100 joules
500 joules
1,000 joules
50 joules
- 10. Multiple Choice
Nitrogenous bases are located on both strands of the DNA double helix. What is the significance of the nitrogenous bases?
The number of adenines and cytosines determines the type of RNA that will be produced.
The order of nitrogenous bases determines the order of amino acids in the proteins synthesized.
The amount of thymine and guanine in the DNA molecules determines the length of the genes.
The type of hydrogen bonding between the nitrogenous bases determines which amino acid will be added to the peptide chain.
- 11. Multiple Choice
Oncogenes are mutated forms of genes. Oncogenes can transform a cell into a tumor cell. Some tumor cells are benign, while others are malignant. How does the presence of an oncogene lead to the formation of a tumor?
ATP Production is inhibited.
Cell division is unregulated.
Somatic cell growth is inhibited.
Antibody Activity is unregulated.
- 12. Multiple Choice
Some students used vinegar to dissolve away the shells of three eggs and used the eggs as models of human red blood cells. The students observed the changes in the eggs when they were placed in different solutions. (View Image)
Which statement best describes the role of the cell membrane in this model?
The cell membrane is an impermeable barrier that prevents water from entering the cell.
The cell membrane allows solutes to enter the cell, which causes the cell to shrink.
The cell membrane allows water to enter and leave the cell.
The cell membrane removes solutes from the environment.
- 13. Multiple Choice
Viruses can be transmitted through air, water, food, insect bites, and direct skin contact. Once a virus gains entry to the body, it invades a host cell in order to --
deactivate the host cell's defences
synthesize antibodies for defence
metabolize host proteins and grow
access cellular processes for replication
- 14. Multiple Choice
The diagram shows cells in different phases of mitosis. A student is trying to find a cell in a particular phase of mitosis. The student is looking for evidence that spindle fibers are separating the chromosomes to ensure that each new nucleus has one copy of each chromosome. (View Image)
Which cell is in the phase of mitosis that the student is searching for?
Cell 1
Cell 2
Cell 3
Cell 4
- 15. Multiple Choice
Albinism is an autosomal recessive condition. Which circle graph shows the genotype probability when an albino female mates with a male that is heterozygous for the albinism trait? (View Image)
F
G
H
J
- 16. Multiple Choice
The complex carbohydrates pictured (View Image) are made by linking molecules of glucose.
In all three complex carbohydrates, the subunits of glucose are bonded together differently. Because they have different structures, they most likely --
contain different chemical elements
form different proteins
carry different nucleotides
perform different functions
- 17. Multiple Choice
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both involve the use and release of gases. Which statement correctly identifies the role of gases in the two processes?
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both use carbon dioxide and release oxygen.
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both use oxygen and release carbon dioxide.
Cellular respiration uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide, while photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and releases oxygen.
Cellular respiration uses carbon dioxide and releases oxygen, while photosynthesis uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide.
- 18. Multiple Choice
The diagram represents one way an enzyme can be inhibited. (View Image)
Which statement explains the effect of an inhibitor on an enzyme?
A substrate will be able to bond with the enzyme.
The enzyme will likely be attacked by immune cells.
The enzyme will be unable to produce more enzymes.
A substrate will be unable to attach to the enzyme.
- 19. Multiple Choice
Four common relationships between organisms are listed in the box. (View Image)
Which statements best describe these relationships?
Relationships 1 and 4 are examples of mutualism.
Relationship 2 is an example of commensalism.
Relationship 3 is an example of parasitism.
Relationships 1, 2, and 4 are examples of mutualism.
Relationship 3 is an example of parasitism.
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