strong positive | increases | increases

weak positive | increases | increases

strong positive | increases | decreases

weak positive | increases | decreases

-0.78

0.67

0.85

-0.87

driving quality

number of accidents

hours spent training

amount of traffic

hypothesis | conclusion

effect | cause

cause | effect.

conclusion | hypothesis

survey

case study

correlational study

experiment

mode and median

standard deviation and range

inferential statistics and descriptive statistics

scattergrams and boxplots

A stratified sample is more likely to be representative of the population than a convenience sample.

A sample is always representative of a population.

A convenience sample is more likely to be representative of the population than a stratified sample.

A small random sample is more likely to be representative of the population than a large stratified sample.

the whole group of research interest.

the smaller group that has been chosen from the group of research interest.

exactly the same as the sample.

always smaller than the sample.

independent variables, dependent variables

time of day, noise level, temperature, location

prior experience, motivation, intelligence, educational background

extraneous variables, confounding variables

independent variables, dependent variables

time of day, noise level, temperature, location

prior experience, motivation, intelligence, educational background

extraneous variables, confounding variables