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- 1. Multiple Choice
Stanley Milgram focused his experiments on the theme of...conformity to the group.obedience to authority.the influence of ascribed roles on behaviour.the nature of prosocial behaviour. - 2. Multiple ChoiceAsch's experiments focused on the question of...how people act out ascribed roles.what influences people to carry out antisocial behaviours.obedience to an authority figure.conformity in a group setting.
- 3. Multiple ChoiceZimbardo's most famous experiment involved...a fake prison in the Stanford University basement.observing whether the children to whom he gave marshmallows could delay gratification.showing people lines and observing their degree of conformity to the judgement of others.ordering participants to give supposed electric shocks to fake participants in order to judge their obedience to authority.
- 4. Multiple ChoiceWhich answer below best describes the concept of "status"?An individual’s or group’s ability to control or influence the thoughts, feelings or behaviour of another person or groupViewing oneself as the instrument for carrying out another person’s wishesThe importance of an individual’s position in a group, as perceived by members of that groupPerforming a behaviour in response to an order given by someone in a position of power
- 5. Multiple ChoiceMilgram's real participants weresubjected to real electric shocks.forced to give real electric shocks.seated in front of a realistic looking electric shock machine.swift to reject the experimenter's request to shock innocents.
- 6. Multiple ChoiceThe highest rates of obedience were observed in Milgram's study when...the so-called "teachers" observed others obeying.the so-called "teachers" had to hold the "learner's" hand on the shock plate.the orders were given by phone.the teacher and learner were in the same room.
- 7. Multiple ChoiceThe lowest rates of obedience were observed in Milgram's study when...the so-called "teachers" observed others obeying.the so-called "teachers" had to hold the "learner's" hand on the shock plate.the so-called "teachers" observed a rebel who disobeyed ordersthe orders were given by a person who was not perceived as an authority figure.
- 8. Multiple ChoiceStudies indicate that disobedience during warfare is rarer among those ordered to kill from a distance with a missile than close-up with a knife. This suggests that __________ may influence obedience.friendshipsocial proximitygroup pressurethe legitimacy of the authority figure
- 9. Multiple ChoiceA person who has the power to give you something if you follow their instructions has __________ power over you.coerciverewardreferentexpert
- 10. Multiple ChoiceA person whose skills and knowledge are desirable to you wields...legitimate power over you.coercive power over you.referent power over you.expert power over you.
- 11. Multiple ChoiceA parent can give you what you need, withhold what you want and sign legal forms for you. This means that he or she has...legitimate, referent and expert power over you.reward, coercive and expert power over you.referent, coercive and expert power over you.reward, coercive and legitimate power over you.
- 12. Multiple ChoiceIn Milgram's original experiment, 26 out of 40 participants...refused to give shocks up till the 450-level.refused to give shocks after the 300-volt level.continued to give shocks up till the 450-level.did not administer any shocks at all.
- 13. Multiple ChoiceAsch found that conformity increased with group size up to a size of...four.six.nine.fifteen.
- 14. Multiple ChoiceThe cultural background of a person has been found to have ______ influence on their tendency to conform. People from collectivist cultures are ______ likely to conform than those from individualistic cultures.some; lessno; moresome; moreno; less
- 15. Multiple ChoiceThe original idea for Milgram's experiment was based on...the defence of Eichmann during the Nuremberg trials that he was only following orders.an interest in the civil disobedience marches of the 1960s.a desire to show that Americans were not in any way like the Nazis.a fear that he and other Americans would be conscripted to go to Vietnam.
- 16. Multiple ChoiceBy using four verbal "prods" to coerce participants to continue with the experiment, Milgram did not comply with the modern ethical requirement that participants...must not be exposed to physiological harm.have the right to withdraw from an experiment.must be debriefed after an experiment.may only be deceived in precise circumstances.
- 17. Multiple ChoiceZimbardo's Stanford Prison experiment would not meet modern ethical requirements because...his participants were exposed to physiological and psychological harm.his participants formed the belief that they could not withdraw from the experiment.as both the researcher and the prison supervisor, Zimbardo's role was unclear.All three other alternatives are correct.
- 18. Multiple ChoiceMabel conforms to her company's rules because she wants to be liked and accepted by her colleagues. This is an example of conforming due to...normative influence.obedience.informational influence.cultural background.
- 19. Multiple ChoiceAsch's experiments showed that...group size is not a factor in conformity.conformity decreases as group size increases.conformity increases as group size increases.conformity increases with group size, but only until the group reached the size of 4.
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