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Chemistry, Biology, Other Sciences
8th grade Science NC EOG Review
80 questions
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- 1. Multiple ChoiceA student is asked to categorize the following items as elements, compounds, or mixtures: copper wire, salt, aluminum foil, baking soda, a piece of granite, and sugar water. He lists ELEMENTS as copper wire, aluminum foil, and baking soda; COMPOUNDS as salt; MIXTURES as the piece of granite and sugar water. Which is in the wrong category?copper wiresugar waterbaking sodasalt
- 2. Multiple ChoiceWhy is water classified as a compound?Because it is an element, which consists of only one type of atom.Because it is a substance, which can easily be separated.Because it is a substance composed of two or more kinds of atoms bonded together.Because it is an unevenly mixed solution, or a heterogeneous mixture.
- 3. Multiple ChoiceA student is designing an experiment for the science fair. She needs to find a material that conducts an electric current, and her teacher has provided her with samples of the following elements. Which of them should she choose?argoncopperfluorinephosphorous
- 4. Multiple ChoiceThe mass of the products in a chemical reaction is the same as the mass of the reactants in the reaction. Which law best describes this statement?The Law of Conservation of Angular MomentumThe Law of SuperpositionThe Law of Conservation of MatterThe Law of Entropy
- 5. Multiple ChoiceWhich is an example of a chemical reaction?a pot of water boilingan iron nail rustinga piece of ice meltinga sugar cube dissolving in tea
- 6. Multiple ChoiceA scientist recognizes a white powder as sugar due to its white crystals and its sweet taste. However, the scientist notices that the elements that make up the sugar - carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen - look nothing like sugar, nor are they sweet. What is the best explanation for this?Sugar is a compound, and compounds usually have a different appearSugar is an element, so its properties are unique.Sugar is a heterogeneous mixture, so its appearance is unique.Substances in nature change randomly and it is impossible to predict those changes.
- 7. Multiple ChoiceWhich statement supports the theory of evolution?All living cells come from previous cells.All plants and animals have DNA.Matter cannot be created or destroyed during chemical reactions.Fossils provide evidence that vertebrates share a common ancestor.
- 8. Multiple ChoiceWhat is one way scientists analyze the health of a river?by measuring its depthby measuring the speed at which the river flowsby measuring its dissolved oxygenby measuring the distance the river travels to reach an ocean
- 9. Multiple ChoiceWhich example BEST represents an interconnection between an aquatic food web and a terrestrial food web?Fish eat insects that land on the surface of a pond.Snakes eat bird eggs.Bats eat mosquitos.Mountain lions catch and eat deer.
- 10. Multiple ChoiceWhat is one way the government of the United States attempts to reduce pollution in the oceans?create new desalination plantsdiscontinue sewage treatment programsincrease oil and gasoline productionenforce laws limiting trash dumping
- 11. Multiple ChoiceWhere is the majority of Earth's freshwater located?cloudsPacific Oceanpolar ice capsrivers
- 12. Multiple ChoiceThe population density of marine life is denser along the shorelines of the ocean than farther out in the deep waters of the ocean. Which statement provides the BEST reason for this situation?Ocean currents prevent many smaller marine organisms from living in deep water.The shallow waters have fewer predators.Coastal waters are less polluted than the deeper waters of the ocean.There are more nutrients in shallow waters.
- 13. Multiple ChoiceChemical X has a mass of 5 grams, and chemical Y has a mass of 10 grams. If the two chemicals are mixed and a complete chemical reaction takes place, what is MOST LIKELY the mass of the product?5 grams10 grams15 grams50 grams
- 14. Multiple ChoiceHow can a scientist, using the periodic table, find an element with properties similar to another element?by comparing densityby finding its periodic groupby comparing malleabilityby comparing atomic weight
- 15. Multiple ChoiceWhich is an example of a physical change?boilingburningrottingrusting
- 16. Multiple ChoiceA scientist has a hypothesis that a large volcanic eruption caused a change in global temperature. Which information gained from ice cores is MOST useful in supporting the scientist's hypothesis?levels of dissolved oxygenidentities of trace metalsestimates of natural radioactivityamounts of atmospheric dust
- 17. Multiple ChoiceWhich project is MOST LIKELY to interest a scientist working at a biotechnology company?study and reconstruction of fossilized bonesconservation of key species within ecosystemsdevelopment of genetically modified corn plantsprevention of sewage leaking into water supplies
- 18. Multiple ChoiceWhich source of water pollution includes oil and gasoline discharge from automobiles and storm sewer discharge?agriculturebacteriasedimentationurban runoff
- 19. Multiple ChoiceWhich BEST explains the importance of dissolved gases in the ocean?They help control pollution.They help provide oxygen for aquatic animals.They help maintain a constant water temperature.They help maintain constant levels of salinity.
- 20. Multiple ChoiceWhich BEST describes a bio-indicator?a species that has a short life spana species that depends on specific conditions to survivea species that can adapt to a variety of conditionsa species that has been introduced to an ecosystem
- 21. Multiple ChoiceWhat characteristic of aluminum allows it to be made into aluminum foil?It is dense.It is soluble.It is magnetic.It is malleable.
- 22. Multiple ChoiceWhich pure substance is composed of more than one element?watercarbongoldsodium
- 23. Multiple ChoiceAfter a chemical reaction occurs in an open test tube, measurements indicate that the mass of the reactants is greater than the mass of the products remaining in the test tube. What MOST LIKELY explains the measurements?A gas was produced.A solid was produced.The salinity of the reactants was high.The temperature of the reactants was low.
- 24. Multiple ChoiceA layer of marine fossils is discovered in a desert environment. Which hypothesis BEST explains the discovery?The area was once covered by water.Volcanic activity once occurred in the area.A catastrophic event once occurred in the area.Erosion turned most of the limestone in the area into sand.
- 25. Multiple ChoiceWhich theory BEST describes how an asteroid striking Earth may have caused the extinction of dinosaurs?Heat from the asteroid caused massive fires that reduced the food supply.Dense clouds formed following the collision, causing a global drop in temperature.Land masses were altered by the collision, reducing the space where dinosaurs could roam for food.Glaciers melted rapidly from heat produced by the asteroid, causing floods that destroyed dinosaurs' habitats.
- 26. Multiple ChoiceWhich statements BEST explains the reason muscle cells have more mitochondria than skin cells?Muscle cells use more energy than skin cells.Muscle cells have fewer proteins than skin cells.Muscle cells have a smaller nucleus than skin cells.Muscle cells have more excess water than skin cells.
- 27. Multiple ChoiceIn 1980, there were 3,800,000 cases of measles worldwide. In 2000, there were 1,000,000 cases of measles worldwide. Which is MOST LIKELY the cause of the decline in measles cases fromantibioticschemotherapyquarantinesvaccinations
- 28. Multiple ChoiceHow are parasites and viruses similar?Both are contagious diseases.Both infect host organisms.Both reproduce using host cells.Both break down food using oxygen.
- 29. Multiple ChoiceWhich describes a nonpoint source of pollution?accumulation of oil in a stream next to a gas stationchemical spill in a river next to a manufacturing complexrunoff from a road into a nearby streamliquid fertilizer flowing from a barrel into a stream
- 30. Multiple ChoiceWhich statement BEST explains the reason some insects can walk across the surface of a lake?Water is a polar molecule, and its adhesiveness causes good capillary action.Water is a non-polar molecule, and its cohesiveness causes good capillary action.Water is a non-polar molecule, and its adhesiveness provides high surface tension.Water is a polar molecule, and its adhesiveness causes high surface tension.
- 31. Multiple ChoiceWhich of these BEST illustrates natural selection?An organism with favorable genetic variation will tend to survive and breed successfully.A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat, forcing other species to migrate.A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes.The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities.
- 32. Multiple ChoiceComplete burning of plant material returns carbon primarily to the:herbivoreswatervegetationatmosphere
- 33. Multiple ChoiceEarth has undergone some catastrophic changes from time to time. Which of these MOST LIKELY explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes?Dominant species had a slow mutation rate.Many species filled the same niche.A strong species had many different characteristics.A wide diversity of species existed.
- 34. Multiple ChoiceA single species of squirrel evolved over time into two species, each on opposite sides of the Grand Canyon. This change was MOST LIKELY due to:higher mutation rates on one sidelow genetic diversity in the initial populationthe isolation of the two groupsdifferences in reproduction rates
- 35. Multiple ChoiceAtoms of the same element must -contain the same number of neutronshave the same mass numbercontain the same number of protonshave equal numbers of protons and neutrons
- 36. Multiple ChoiceAn increase in atomic number is related to an increase in atomic mass because -more electrons are present in the atomic nucleusmore electrons are orbiting the atomic nucleusmore protons are present in the atomic nucleusmore protons are orbiting the atomic nucleus
- 37. Multiple ChoiceWhich is NOT an example of matter?waterairgoldsound
- 38. Multiple ChoiceA chemical change always -forms one or more new substancesabsorbs heatreleases heatabsorbs electricity
- 39. Multiple ChoiceScientists can use fossils in rocks to -match up rock layers at different placesstudy the evolution of lifelearn about past environmentsall of the above
- 40. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is a renewable energy source?moving wateruraniumcoaloil
- 41. Multiple ChoiceWhen you have a cold, which of the following helps to prevent other people from catching it?helping cook dinner for your familywashing your hands frequentlygiving high-fives to your friendsplaying a card game with your relativees
- 42. Multiple ChoiceIn the cell, which organelle breaks apart food molecules to produce energy?chloroplastmitochondrionnucleusvacuole
- 43. Multiple ChoiceThrough which organisms does energy initially enter terrestrial or aquatic food webs?consumerspredatorsproducersprey
- 44. Multiple ChoiceTo which unique condition do all species in the ocean depths have to adapt?lower salinityextreme pressureswift ocean currentshot water temperature
- 45. Multiple ChoiceWhat characteristic sets an estuary apart from other bodies of water?plant lifeanimal lifesalinity leveldissolved oxygen level
- 46. Multiple ChoiceWhat would MOST LIKELY happen if too many nitrates entered an estuary?Algae blooms would block the sun causing fish to suffocate from not enough oxygen.Nutrients would be used up by the fish and plants keeping the estuary in balance.Nutrients would sink to the bottom creating soil depositionAlgae blooms would grow and provide more food for the fish.
- 47. Multiple ChoiceWhat MOST DIRECTLY affects the amount of dissolved oxygen in a body of water?pHturbiditysalinitytemperature
- 48. Multiple ChoiceIf the temperature of a lake gets too far above the preferred range, which BEST describes what will happen to the species in the lake over time?The reproduction rate will decrease, allowing existing species to thrive.The reproduction rate will increase, resulting in larger species populations.The high temperatures will cause a gradual decrease in the number of existing species.The high temperatures will cause a sharp increase in the amount of algae and existing species will thrive.
- 49. Multiple ChoiceThe amount of dissolved oxygen found in a lake would be decreased by which human activity?boatingswimmingplanting treesadding nitrates
- 50. Multiple ChoiceWhat does pH measure?acidity/alkalinitydissolved oxygennutrient levelturbidity
- 51. Multiple ChoiceWhat event may cause increased turbidity in a lake or pond?increase in runoffdecrease in runoffincrease in aquatic plantsdecrease in aquatic plants
- 52. Multiple ChoiceHow did Galapagos finches change to fit the new environment?All the finches in the population grew new and different beak shapes in a single lifetime.Over many generations, the finches with beak shapes suited to their environment and food source survived.The finches chose to only produce offspring that looked different from themselves.The finches did not change to fit the new environment.
- 53. Multiple ChoiceOn the periodic table, where are the MOST reactive metals located?Group 1Group 2Group 17Group 18
- 54. Multiple ChoiceWhich agricultural problem is biotechnology attempting to solve?cleaning environmental toxins with microbesgenerating genetically identical offspringlessening effects of environmental stressors on plantscuring human diseases
- 55. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following has a negative charge?electronprotonneutronnucleus
- 56. Multiple ChoiceWhich observation would BEST support the conclusion that a chemical reaction took place?a precipitate was formedliquid water disappeareda substance dissolvedsolid ice melts
- 57. Multiple ChoiceWhat defines the boundaries of river basins and watersheds?the amount of water in an areathe way water flows over the landthe number of people living in an areathe level of aquifers
- 58. Multiple ChoiceWhich is NOT part of the ethical concerns surrounding biotechnology?development of healthier foodsownership of genetic informationallergic responses to genetically modified foodcreation of designer children
- 59. Multiple ChoiceAnglerfish live in a part of the ocean where little light exists. Where do anglerfish live?neritic zoneintertidal zoneabyssal plainestuary
- 60. Multiple ChoiceTable sugar, also called glucose, has a formula C6H12O6. What other term could be used to describe glucose?chemicalelementprotonmixture
- 61. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is MOST responsible for a localized area of cold surface water with a large amount of fish?upwellingbuoyancysurface waveslow pH levels
- 62. Multiple ChoiceAtoms of elements in period 4 are larger than atoms of elements in period 1. What piece of evidence best supports this statement?atomic numberatomic symbolchemical nomenclatureelemental group
- 63. Multiple ChoiceLead is a metal that will burn in air. It is highly malleable. It has a low melting point and an atomic weight of 207.2 u. Which property of lead is a chemical property?high malleabilityburns in airlow melting pointatomic weight
- 64. Multiple ChoiceWhat is one reason why fossils are so rare?Because conditions must be just right to make a fossil.Because the Earth has not had many organisms living on it.Because the Earth is very young.Because humans destroy all the fossils they find.
- 65. Multiple ChoiceThe blind mole rat has small eyes completely covered by a layer of skin. What term best describes the eyes of the blind mole rate?homologous structuresanalogous structuresvestigial structurescompetitive structures
- 66. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following cannot be found on the periodic table?aluminum chloridenitrogentitaniummagnesium
- 67. Multiple ChoiceHow many neutrons does flourine have?9192810
- 68. Multiple ChoiceWhere will you most likely find any one of the elements on the Periodic Table with an atomic number greater than 112?naturally on earthonly in the labnaturally in spaceonly inside animals
- 69. Multiple ChoiceElements found in Group 18 are called noble gases. They are considered relatively stable elements. What trait of an element would allow it to be placed in Group 18?number of protons greater than 90neutrons in equal number to the number of protonslow chemical reactivity due to full valence electronsradioactivity with a half-life greater than 36 days
- 70. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following processes is a source of salt in the ocean?mountain buildingphotosynthesis by aquatic plantsrespiration and aquatic animalsweathering of rocks and soils
- 71. Multiple ChoiceWhat impact does a new development have on the river basin it is built in?It increases the quality of the drinking water in the basin.It increases the level of contaminants that enter the basin.It decreases erosion in the area, reducing sedimentation in the basin.It decreases surface runoff that occurs in the basin.
- 72. Multiple ChoiceWhich dating technique would you MOST LIKELY use to determine the relative age of each fossil found in layers of sedimentary rock?radiometric dating techniquesthe law of superpositionhalf-lifethe big bang theory
- 73. Multiple ChoiceThere is a gap about 1 billion years between two rock layers. What is this an example of?fossilizationunconformityextinction of a speciesvolcanic eruption
- 74. Multiple ChoiceWhat type of technology should be used to map the ocean floor?sonardriftersscuba gearbuoys
- 75. Multiple ChoiceHow do humans add the most carbon dioxide to the atmosphere?wastedigestionphotosynthesisburning fossil fuels
- 76. Multiple ChoiceHow are photosynthesis and cellular respiration similar?They both take place inside cells.They both trap energy.They both break down glucose.They both remove cellular wastes.
- 77. Multiple ChoiceFor consumers, what is the main limiting factor of renewable energy?costtime of yearsize of collectorability to locate underground resources
- 78. Multiple ChoiceIf a person lives in a remote part of the desert, what renewable energy option should they use?hydroelectricgeothermalbiomasssolar
- 79. Multiple ChoiceWhat type of bacteria is shown?amorphousrodlikesphericalspiral
- 80. Multiple ChoiceWhich state of matter zips and zooms in any direction filling the entire container?gasliquidsolidmetal
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