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Biology, Other Sciences
11th -
12thgrade
Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 13: The Endocrine System
38 questions
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- 1. Multiple ChoiceA group of lipid-based chemicals synthesized by most tissue cells that act as local messengers.prostaglandinsthyroid glandadrenal glandpineal gland
- 2. Multiple ChoiceHormone that is structurally related to cholesterol and are lipid soluble.parathyroid hormonesteroid hormonehormonenonsteroid hormone
- 3. Multiple ChoiceDuctless gland that secretes one or more hormones into the bloodstream.endocrine systemexocrine systemadrenal glandsendocrine gland
- 4. Multiple ChoiceA condition caused by a failure of the adrenal cortex to secrete sufficient cortisol and aldosterone.Cushing's syndromealdosteroneadrenal glandsAddison's disease
- 5. Multiple ChoiceHormone released by the parathyroid glands that regulates blood calcium levels.steroid hormoneparathyroid glandnonsteroid hormoneparathyroid hormone
- 6. Multiple ChoiceExternal portion of the adrenal gland; its primary hormones, aldosterone and cortisol, influence inflammation, metabolism, interstitial fluid volume, and other functions.adrenal glandsadrenal medullaadrenal cortexcortex
- 7. Multiple ChoiceDisease caused by too much cortisol from excessive production of glucose from glycogen and protein, and retention of too much salt; causes fat accumulation in certain areas of the body including the face, abdomen, and back of the neck.Cushing's syndromeAddison's diseasehistamineendocrine system
- 8. Multiple ChoiceA hormone secreted by the pancreas that enhances the uptake of glucose by cells, thus lowering blood glucose levels.medullainsulinhistaminehormone
- 9. Multiple ChoiceA type of cell in the hypothalamus that essentially functions as both a nerve cell and an endocrine cell because it generates nerve impulses and releases hormone into blood vessels.target cellneuroendocrine cellendocrine systemendocrine gland
- 10. Multiple ChoiceA chemical messenger molecule secreted by an endocrine gland or cell into the bloodstream that has effects on specific target cells throughout the body.cortexthyroxinehormonehistamine
- 11. Multiple ChoiceAn intracellular messenger molecule generated by the binding of a chemical messenger (hormone or neurotransmitter) to a plasma membrane receptor on a cell's outer surface; mediates intracellular responses to an extra-cellular (first) messenger.steroid hormonehormonesecond messengeraldosterone
- 12. Multiple ChoiceBody system that includes all of the hormone-secreting organs and glands; involved in coordination and control of body activities.endocrine systemneuroendocrine cellexocrine glandendocrine gland
- 13. Multiple ChoiceOrgan located behind the stomach; secretes digestive enzymes and bicarbonate into the small intestine and the hormones insulin and glucagon into the bloodstream.medullapancreasglucagoninsulin
- 14. Multiple ChoiceSubstance produced by basophils and mast cells that causes vasodilation and increases vascular permeability.thyroxineinsulinhistaminehormone
- 15. Multiple ChoiceA hormone secreted by the pineal gland that seems to synchronize our body's daily rhythms and may induce sleep.medullainsulincalcitoninmelatonin
- 16. Multiple ChoiceGlucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex, also called hydrocortisone, that during fasting assists in maintaining blood glucose levels by promoting the utilization of fats by increasing the breakdown of protein to amino acids in muscle.hormonecortexcortisolcalcitonin
- 17. Multiple ChoiceRegion of the brain forming the floor of the third ventricle; helps regulate the body's internal environment by secreting releasing factors that affect the secretion of hormones of the anterior pituitary.hypothalamushyperthyroidismhypothyroidismthymus gland
- 18. Multiple ChoiceHormone producing glands located atop the kidneys. Each consists of medulla and cortex areas.adrenal cortexadrenal medullaadrenal glandspineal gland
- 19. Multiple ChoiceInterior portion of the adrenal gland; produces epinephrine and norepinepthrine.adrenal medullaadrenal cortexadrenal glandsmedulla
- 20. Multiple ChoiceA hormone containing four iodine molecules that is secreted by the thyroid glandmelatoninhistaminehormonethyroxine
- 21. Multiple ChoiceDisease characterized by a high blood sugar concentration and glucose in the urine, caused by either deficient insulin production (Type 1) or insufficient glucose uptake by cells (Type 2)adrenal glandspineal glandtarget celldiabetes mellitus
- 22. Multiple ChoiceInvolves an overactive thyroid gland and hypersecretion of thyroid hormone and can create hyperactivity, nervousness, agitation, and weight loss.hypothalamushypothyroidismhyperthyroidismthyroxine
- 23. Multiple ChoiceRefers to underactivity of the thyroid gland which can slow body growth, alter brain development, delay puberty and cause edema, lethargy, weight gain, and low body temperature; treated with thyroxine pills.hypothalamusthyroxinehyperthyroidismhypothyroidism
- 24. Multiple ChoiceSmall endocrine glands located on the thyroid gland that produce parathyroid hormone.thyroid glandparathyroid hormonethymus glandparathyroid gland
- 25. Multiple ChoiceEndocrine gland that contributes to immune responsiveness.thyroxinethyroid glandthymus glandpineal gland
- 26. Multiple ChoiceGeneral term for the outer surface layer of an organ.cortisolhormonecortexmedulla
- 27. Multiple ChoiceHormone released by the thyroid glands that promotes a decrease in blood calcium levels.cortisolcalcitoninglucagonmelatonin
- 28. Multiple ChoiceNeuroendocrine gland located just below the hypothalamus of the brain; with the anterior and posterior lobes secretes eight hormones.pituitary glandthymus glandpineal glandthyroid gland
- 29. Multiple ChoiceThe name for the specific cell that each hormone will individually regulate.target cellcortisolcortexpancreas
- 30. Multiple ChoiceHormone produced by the adrenal cortex that regulates sodium reabsorption.epinephrinehistaminealdosteronehormone
- 31. Multiple ChoiceAn endocrine gland, located in the neck, that produces the hormones thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and calcitonin.thyroid glandthyroxineparathyroid glandthymus gland
- 32. Multiple ChoiceEndocrine gland thought to be involved in setting the biological clock and influencing reproductive function.adrenal glandsthymus glandpineal glandpituitary gland
- 33. Multiple ChoiceSpecialized epithelial tissue that secretes a product directly into a hollow organ or duct.exocrine glandthyroid glandendocrine glandpineal gland
- 34. Multiple ChoicePrimary hormone produced by the adrenal medulla, also called adrenaline.epinephrinenorepinephrinehistamineinsulin
- 35. Multiple ChoiceA neurotransmitter and adrenal medullary hormone, associated with sympathetic nervous system activation.epinephrineinsulinnorepinephrineexocrine gland
- 36. Multiple ChoiceHormone formed by alpha cells in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas; raises the glucose level of blood by stimulating the liver to break down glycogen.pancreashormonehistamineglucagon
- 37. Multiple ChoiceHormone that is structurally related to proteins and are lipid insoluble.steroid hormoneparathyroid hormonenonsteroid hormonenorepinephrine
- 38. Multiple ChoiceGeneral term for the inner zone of an organ.medullainsulinmelatonincortex
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