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- 1. Multiple ChoiceTropical forests in the Amazon Basin and other South American countries are primarily being cleared or burned forcattle grazing and soybean plantationsbiodiesel for motor vehiclescoffee and spice plantationsoil palm and paper pulp plantations
- 2. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following type of tree harvesting is the most detrimental to the environment?Strip CuttingSelective CuttingClear CuttingPartial Harvest
- 3. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is NOT an ecosystem service provided by forests?Provide habitatAid in nutrient cyclingSequester CarbonRecreational opportunities
- 4. Multiple ChoiceAll of the following are ecological benefits of surface fires EXCEPTAid in seed dispersal in certain species, such as lodgepole pinesReturn key nutrients back in to the soilStimulate germination in some treesDestroys the wildlife and vegetation in an area
- 5. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following contains 1-2 tree species that are clear-cut & replanted at regular intervals?Old Growth ForestTree PlantationSecondary-growth forestTropical Rainforest
- 6. Multiple ChoiceUnfenced grasslands in tropical and temperate climates that supply forage for grazing animals are calledrangelandpasturessavannahsteppes
- 7. Multiple ChoiceMost of the deforestation occurring today is happening where?IndonesiaLatin AmericaAfricaAll of these
- 8. Multiple ChoiceScientists estimate that if logging and conversion of forests to agricultural land continues, forest cover in the Amazon Basin will be reduced to only 20% of its original size by the end of this year. The loss of forested land would most likelyincrease the water vapor in the atmosphere due to increased transpiration ratesdecrease the local regional flooding that occursincrease the total amount of atmospheric carbon dioxidedecrease the amount of total atmospheric nitrogen
- 9. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is a threat to forest ecosystems?climate changeunsustainable logginginvasive speciesAll of these
- 10. Multiple ChoiceThe largest area of old -growth forest in the world is located inthe United StatesRussiaCosta RicaMexico
- 11. Multiple ChoiceThe best example of a surface fire isthe type of fire that burns seedlings, small trees, and leaf litter, but not mature trees and most animalsfire that is deliberately set, frequently in the tropical rainforest, after the trees have been cut downfires that occur along newly exposed edges of forest after fragmentation has occurredfire that allows dead wood, leaves, and other flammable ground litter to accumulate
- 12. Multiple ChoiceOne effect of overgrazing natural rangelands isincreased biodiversity because of the increase in plants cattle will not eat, such as sagebrush, mesquite, and cactusdecreased solar powere because soil is compacted and can no longer support solar cellssoil erosion, because cattle damage the grass roots and the grass can no longer growincreased soil porosity because the cattle are not present to compact the land as they walk and stand on it
- 13. Multiple ChoiceThe best example of selective cutting isloggers cut small groups of intermediate or mature trees, resulting in less erosion and loss of nutrients on the hillsideloggers cut a thin strip of trees along a hillside, the forest naturally regenerates, and then they cut a new strip next to the regenerated onea managed forest containing one or two species of trees, one section is clear-cut and replanted. It will be clear cut again once the trees are large enoughloggers cut all trees in an area, resulting in a loss of nutrients in the soil and in sediment gathering in the stream downslope
- 14. Multiple ChoiceAll the below would occur in an area that has been recently clear-cut EXCEPTan increase in water pollution as sediment flows into streamsan increase in biodiversity, because land with fewer trees and less sunlight is more inviting to a variety of speciesa loss of soil fertility, because of the increase in wind and water erosionmore water flows on sloped, denuded land, resulting in erosion and increases the likelihood of landslides
- 15. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is NOT an economic service provided by forests?provide habitatrecreationlumberjob opportunities
- 16. Multiple ChoiceA second growth forest is a (n)...old growth forest with lots of weedsforest containing only or two tree species that are all about the same agean old growth forest with lots of new seedlingsforest resulting from secondary succession
- 17. Multiple ChoiceAll the following are advantages of clear-cutting EXCEPThigh profits in the short-termincreased water pollutionhigh timber yieldscan reforest with fast-growing trees
- 18. Multiple ChoiceWidespread human-influenced fires in tropical forest change weather patterns by raising temperatures and reducing rainfall, resulting in droughts, which in turn makes forests more likely to burn. This is an example ofclosed circuit looprunaway fire cyclepositive feedback loopnegative feedback loop
- 19. Multiple ChoiceDeforestation accounts for how much of the human-created greenhouse gas emissions?6%17%50%90%
- 20. Multiple ChoiceWhat is probably the biggest problem facing U.S. National Parks today?regulationssoil erosionenvironmentalistspopularity
- 21. Multiple ChoiceThe controversy around palm oil is because...
I. of the indiscriminate deforestation to grow oil palms
II. they tend to increase soil erosion in tropical regions
III. they cause a loss of habitat and threaten many different speciesI onlyII onlyI and III onlyI, II and III - 22. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is a primary reason for deforestation?to graze cattleto grow cropsto provide fuelwoodall of these
- 23. Multiple ChoiceFour of the following are ways to grow and harvest trees more sustainably; one is not. Choose the one that is not.Halt clear-cutting on steep slopes.Eliminate logging of old growth forests.Increase road-building into uncut areas.Identify and protect forest areas high in biodiversity.
- 24. Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is a negative effect of deforestation?
I. Increased flooding
II. Increased biodiversity
III. Increased soil erosionI onlyI and II onlyI and III onlyI, II, and III - 25. Multiple ChoiceOne practical solution to prevent overgrazing on rangelands iscontrol the number of grazing animalsrotational grazinglimit the duration of grazing in a given areaall of these are viable options
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