Model

Simulation

Guesswork

Controlled Experiment

To make predictions

To support scientific understanding

To collect data

To conduct experiments

The thing that is purposely changed

The thing that stays the same

The outcome of the experiment

The data collected

A direct observation

An explanation based on evidence

A prediction about future events

A guess without evidence

To make predictions

To distinguish actual observations from inferences

To conduct more experiments

To create models

The thing that is purposely changed

The thing that stays the same

The result measured to see if there is a difference

The data collected

To introduce new variables.

To compare results with the test group.

To change the test variable.

To ensure the experiment fails.