electrolysis

allowing ions to move from one half-cell to the other

increasing the reduction potential

linking multiple voltaic cells together

Batteries are composed of two half-cells.

Redox reactions in zinc-carbon batteries are easily reversible.

Secondary batteries are also known as storage batteries.

Batteries are compact forms of voltaic cells.

carbon rod

zinc shell

Ag₂O in graphite

Zn in KOH gel

carbon rod

zinc shell

Ag₂O in graphite

Zn in KOH

potentiometer

capacity

voltage

resistance

carbon rod

zinc shell

Zn in KOH

Ag₂O in graphite

spontaneous, redox reactions

non-spontaneous, redox reactions

spontaneous, non-redox reactions

non-spontaneous, non-redox reactions

Electrical to chemical

Mechanical to chemical

Mechanical to electrical

Chemical to electrical

anode

cathode

the movement of electrons to create a current

the movement of ions to create a current

the movement of electrons to maintain the neutrality of solution

the movement of ions to maintain the neutrality of solution