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- 1. Multiple Choice
What evidence did Aristotle use to conclude that Earth is spherical?
The Earth's shadow on the moon is always round.
The Earth's shadow on the moon is curved.
The Earth's shadow on the moon is flat.
The Earth's shadow on the moon changes shapes.
- 2. Multiple Choice
Which model of the solar system did Ptolemy support?
Heliocentric model
Geocentric model
Epicyclic model
Retrograde model
- 3. Multiple Choice
For how many years was the geocentric model the accepted view of the universe?
1000 years
1500 years
2000 years
2500 years
- 4. Drop Down
The major contribution of Copernicus to the field of astronomy was (a) .
He proposed the retrograde motionHe discovered the moons of MarsHe created the detailed heliocentric modelHe invented the telescope - 5. Match
Match the following descriptions to the correct astronomical enhancements made by Tycho Brahe.
What did Tycho Brahe's observations particularly enhance the accuracy of, related to Earth's geometry?
The shape of the Earth
What did Tycho Brahe's observations particularly enhance the accuracy of, related to solar measurements?
The size of the Sun
What did Tycho Brahe's observations particularly enhance the accuracy of, related to comet trajectories?
The orbits of comets
What did Tycho Brahe's observations particularly enhance the accuracy of, related to celestial positioning?
The positions of planets and stars
- 6. Multiple Choice
What shape is the path of each planet around the sun according to Kepler's First Law of Planetary Motion?
Circle
Ellipse
Square
Triangle
- 7. Drag and Drop
According to Kepler's First Law, the sun is located (a) in relation to the ellipse of a planet's orbit.
At the centerAt one of the fociOutside the ellipseAt the midpoint of the major axis - 8. Drop Down
The eccentricity of an ellipse measures (a) .
The distance between the fociThe length of the major axisHow elongated the ellipse isThe radius of the ellipse - 9. Multiple Choice
How can the value of eccentricity be calculated?
E = d / L
E = L / d
E = d * L
E = L - d
- 10. Match
Match the following descriptions of a planet's speed at perihelion with the correct statements.
What happens to a planet's speed when it experiences retrograde motion?
It speeds up
What happens to a planet's speed as it moves away from perihelion?
It slows down
What happens to a planet's speed as it approaches perihelion?
It remains constant
What happens to a planet's speed when it is at its average distance from the sun?
It reverses direction
- 11. Multiple Choice
On which date does the Earth reach aphelion, the point in its orbit farthest from the sun?
July 4
January 1
December 25
March 21
- 12. Drag and Drop
According to Kepler's Third Law of Planetary Motion, the closer a planet is to the sun, the (a) the orbital period.
shorterlongerdoes not depend onalways one Earth year regardless of - 13. Multiple Choice
What is the orbital period squared equal to in terms of the mean solar distance cubed?
T^2 = d^2
T^2 = d^3
T^3 = d^2
T = d^3
- 14. Multiple Choice
How far is the Earth from the Sun in astronomical units?
93 million miles
1 Astronomical Unit
150 million kilometers
All of the above
- 15. Multiple Choice
Which of the following was NOT one of Galileo's discoveries?
Planets in the distance are circular disks, not stars.
Earth’s moon’s surface is smooth.
The sun had spots, or dark regions.
Four satellites, or moons, orbit Jupiter.
- 16. Match
Match the following descriptions with their correct statements about mass and weight.
Incorrect statement claiming mass and weight are interchangeable.
Mass is measured in Newtons, while weight is measured in kilograms.
Statement incorrectly describing properties of mass and weight.
Mass changes with location, while weight does not.
Statement describing incorrect units for mass and weight.
Mass is the total amount of matter and does not change with location, while weight is the force of gravity acting on an object.
Correct statement differentiating mass and weight.
There is no difference; both terms can be used interchangeably.
- 17. Match
Match the following scenarios with their correct outcomes if gravity were absent:
What would happen to planets if gravity still influenced their orbits?
They would move in a straight line out into space.
What would happen to planets without gravity?
They would still move in elliptical orbits.
What would happen to the structural integrity of planets without gravity?
They would move closer to the sun.
What would happen to planets in terms of their proximity to the sun without gravity?
They would instantly disintegrate.
- 18. Multiple Choice
What does Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation state?
Every object in the universe repels every other object.
The gravitational force between two objects is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers of mass.
The gravitational force between two objects is directly proportional to the square of the distance between their centers of mass.
The gravitational force between two objects is directly proportional to their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers of mass.
- 19. Multiple Choice
What did Galileo observe that supported the heliocentric model?
The shape of the Earth
The phases of Venus
The Moon orbiting the Earth
The Sun orbiting the Earth
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