Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, are essential for storing and transmitting genetic information, which is crucial for inheritance and protein synthesis. The other options do not accurately describe the primary function of nucleic acids.

The correct match is carbohydrate: monosaccharide, as monosaccharides are the monomers that make up carbohydrates. The other options incorrectly pair biomolecules with their respective monomers.

The enzyme lowered the activation energy, making it easier for the reaction to occur. This is reflected in Line B of the graph, which shows a faster reaction rate with the enzyme present.

Cell X is identified as an animal cell because it lacks a cell wall and chloroplasts, which are characteristic of plant cells. Additionally, it exhibits features typical of eukaryotic cells, confirming it as an animal cell.

The cell membrane regulates what enters and exits the cell, thus maintaining homeostasis. This function is essential for cellular stability and balance, unlike the other options which are not universal functions of the cell membrane.

Osmosis is the movement of water from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower concentration. Since water is 90% inside the cell and 95% outside, water moves into the cell, making this the correct choice.

The simplicity of prokaryotic cells limits their ability to form specialized tissues and organs, as they lack the complex structures and organization found in eukaryotic cells, which are necessary for such differentiation.

DNA replication occurs specifically during the S phase of interphase, making this statement correct. The other options contain inaccuracies regarding the cell cycle phases.

An adaptation is a trait that enhances an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its environment. This distinguishes it from analogous, homologous, and vestigial structures, which do not specifically refer to environmental suitability.

A vestigial structure is a remnant of an organ or part that had a function in an ancestor but is no longer used by the current organism. This aligns with the definition provided in the question.