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- 1. Multiple Choice
What are the two methods of ossification?
Endochondral and intramembranous ossification
Intracartilaginous and extramembranous ossification
Endosteal and periosteal ossification
Intracellular and extracellular ossification
- 2. Multiple Choice
During endochondral ossification, what type of tissue does the bone initially form from?
Mesenchymal tissue
Hyaline cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Elastic cartilage
- 3. Multiple Choice
What is the first step in the process of ossification?
Central cartilage in diaphysis calcifies
Bone collar forms around diaphysis of cartilage model
Periosteal bud invades cavities
Diaphysis elongates and medullary cavity forms
- 4. Multiple Choice
What replaces woven bone in the steps of intramembranous ossification?
Hyaline cartilage
Lamellar bone
Spongy bone
Compact bone
- 5. Multiple Choice
Where does the growth in length of long bones start?
Medullary cavity
Epiphyseal plate
Periosteum
Articular cartilage
- 6. Multiple Choice
What is the role of growth hormone in bone growth?
It ensures proper proportions of growth
It stimulates the epiphyseal plate in infancy and childhood
It promotes adolescent growth spurts
It triggers bone deposit
- 7. Multiple Choice
Which hormone is responsible for ensuring proper proportions of growth?
Growth hormone
Thyroid hormone
Testosterone
Estrogen
- 8. Multiple Choice
What triggers bone deposit during bone remodeling?
Function of the osteoclasts
Phagocytizing demineralized matrix and dead osteocytes
Mechanical signs such as increased concentration of calcium and phosphate ions
Control of remodeling
- 9. Multiple Choice
What is the function of osteoclasts in bone resorption?
They trigger bone deposit
They ensure proper proportions of growth
They phagocytize demineralized matrix and dead osteocytes
They stimulate the epiphyseal plate
- 10. Multiple Choice
What hormone is produced by parathyroid glands in response to low blood calcium levels?
Calcitonin
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Insulin
Estrogen
- 11. Multiple Choice
What is the role of osteoclasts when stimulated by parathyroid hormone?
They build up bone
They resorb bone
They produce bone marrow
They decrease blood calcium levels
- 12. Multiple Choice
What stops the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
When blood calcium levels are too high
When blood calcium levels are too low
When homeostatic calcium levels are reached
When pharmacological doses of calcitonin are administered
- 13. Multiple Choice
Which hormone is produced by parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland in response to high levels of blood calcium levels?
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Calcitonin
Adrenaline
Thyroxine
- 14. Multiple Choice
What is the effect of calcitonin on blood calcium levels at pharmacological doses?
It permanently increases blood calcium levels
It has a significant long-term effect on blood calcium levels
It temporarily lowers blood calcium levels
It has no effect on blood calcium levels
- 15. Multiple Choice
What does Wolff's law state about bones?
Bones decrease in density in response to mechanical stress
Bones grow or remodel in response to demands placed in them
Bones are unaffected by mechanical stresses
Bones grow or remodel randomly, not in response to stress
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