clarifying the target task

pre-task

post-task

observation

fun and easy, so that the learners don't get bored

meaningful and relevant to the learners' interests and socio-cultural background

challenging beyond the learners' abilities

repetitive, so that learners practice

Learners can't negotiate a task but they can an exercise

Tasks focus on meaning, exercises on form

Tasks limit learners' language autonomy, exercises allow it

Tasks focus on form, exercises on meaning

Tasks are complex

Tasks involve learner-learner interaction

Tasks balance demand and support

Tasks have an integrated focus on fun

True

False

Providing a model of the target task

Breaking down task steps

Providing language in context

All of them

negotiating the task with the learners

deciding the task for the learners

explaining the target task to the learners

assigning the task to the learners

Learners reflect on their learning process

Learners present their tasks

Learners' resources are activated

Learners give feedback

Learners reflect on the language forms

The teacher designs the materials and activities

The learners work on the tasks steps that lead them toward the target task

New language is presented

Learners decide the language goals

Learners present their tasks

Learners negotiate their tasks

Learners reflect on their learning process and on the language form, if necessary