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(1.02 MC) SC.912. L.14.1 Scientific law and a scientific theory are similar in that both
are based on what we expect to happen based on natural history
describe the events that can be observed in nature
explain why events and conditions occur as they do in the natural world
represent a large amount of scientific investigation and evidence
(1.02 MC) SC.912. . L.14.1 To help patients replenish bodily fluids quickly during an illness, doctors need to understand how cells behave in their environment. Doctors have confidence in what they know about how cells behave because
cell theory has been tested, refined, and observed to be true over hundreds of years
large medical institutions have conducted their own experiments justifying cell theory
the basics of cell theory have not changed much since the original experiments
what we know about cell theory has been published in reputable journals
(2.02 MC) SC. 912.L.14.1 Which of the following best summarizes why the technological invention of microscopes was important to biology?
It allowed for development of the cell theory.
It created a means of funding for cell research.
It created public interest and support for research.
It proved that cells could form spontaneously.
(2.02 MC) SC. 912.L.14.1 Early elements of the cell theory followed soon after the development of Hooke's light microscope. What does this relationship suggest about the evolution of the cell theory since Hooke?
Isolated scientists contributed pieces of the cell theory to form the whole.
Improvements in technology are closely related to changes in the cell theory.
Progress on the cell theory was delayed by a lack of technological progress.
Scientists needed to focus less on cells and more on microscope development.
(2.02 LC) SC. 912.L.14.3 Which of the following characteristics defines a cell as a eukaryote?
Being able to move
Being able to reproduce
Having a nucleus
Having ribosomes
(2.02 MC) SC. 912. L.14.3 Which statement best compares a eukaryote and a prokaryote?
Eukaryotes have a cell wall, while prokaryotes have a cell membrane.
Eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotes have few specialized structures.
Eukaryotes use active transport to move substances across the cell membrane, while prokaryotes use facilitated diffusion.
Eukaryotes use flagella to move themselves through substances, while prokaryotes are not able to move.
(2.03 MC) SC. 912.L.14.3 Which of the following best compares the structures found in plant cells and animal cells?
Animal cells contain cell walls and a large central vacuole while plant cells contain cell membranes and many small vacuoles.
Animal cells do not contain chloroplasts, cell walls, or a large central vacuole while plant cells do.
Plant cells contain rough endoplasmic reticulum and a Golgi apparatus while animal cells contain smooth endoplasmic reticulum surrounded by lysosomes.
Plant cells have rigid cell walls and do not contain mitochondria or ribosomes while animal cells do.
(3.03 MC) SC.912.L.16.1 The allele for brown eyes is dominant to the allele for blue eyes. Which of the following best explains how two brown-eyed parents could produce a blue-eyed child?
One parent must have had only blue-eyed parents.
Mutations after fertilization could alter gene sequences and change alleles.
Eye color is a sex-linked trait and male children could have only the allele for blue eyes.
Each parent must be carrying the recessive allele for blue eyes.
(3.03 MC) SC.912.L.16.1 When an organism has more than 10 fingers or toes, the condition is known as polydactylism. Although polydactylism is rare, it is a dominant trait. If two cats that are heterozygous for polydactylism mate and have a litter with a total of 12 kittens, how many of them would you expect to have more than 10 fingers or toes?
0
6
9
12
(3.03 HC) SC.912.L.16.1 In pea plants, the allele for white flowers is recessive to the allele for purple flowers. In a generation of pea plants, 89 plants produced purple flowers and 31 plants produced white flowers. Which of the following is the best conclusion you can make about the parent plants of this generation?
Both parent plants are heterozygous for flower color.
Both parent plants were homozygous with purple flowers.
One parent plant had white flowers and the other was heterozygous for flower color.
One parent plant was heterozygous for flower color and the other was homozygous with purple flowers.
(3.05 MC) SC.912.L.16.3 Why do cells need both tRNA and mRNA?
Only mRNA can be used to repair mistakes in the DNA sequence.
Only tRNA bends into a shape that can carry specific amino acids
The tRNA in used on the ribosomes and the mRNA is used in the nucleus
The mRNA brings information to the nucleus for the tRNA to use.
(3.05 LC) SC.912.L.16.3 ATCAGTGAT A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides that code for an amino acid. If the DNA sequence shown here goes through transcription and translation, how many amino acids will result from this sequence?
5
4
2
3
(3.05 HC) SC.912.L.16.3 A cell is replicating its DNA. Part of the DNA strand reads A-C-C-G-T-A-C. The new strand built off this section reads T-G-G-A-A-T-G. What effect might this have when the DNA replicates in the future?
Cells having the new DNA version will look or operate differently from cells with the original DNA.
Only the sections of DNA without mistakes will be used in the future so the DNA strand will shorten.
The DNA will be exactly like the original since only the original strand of DNA is used as a template
When the new strand is used as a template the strand built from it will differ from the original DNA.
(2.01 MC) SC.912.L.18.1 Which of the following best compares the structures of lipids and carbohydrates?
Both are made up of monosaccharide monomers, but lipids are hydrophobic and carbohydrates are hydrophilic.
Both consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but carbohydrates have repeating structural units and lipids do not.
Both contain carbon and hydrogen, but carbohydrates also contain oxygen and lipids contain nitrogen.
Both have a carbon backbone, but lipids also have an amino group and carbohydrates have a carboxylic acid group.
(2.01 MC) SC.912.L.18.1 Which of the following best describes the difference between the functions of nucleic acids and enzymes?
Nucleic acids are used as the building blocks of proteins, while enzymes are used as the building blocks of phospholipids.
Nucleic acids inhibit biochemical reactions, while enzymes provide structural support in cells.
Nucleic acids contain the genetic code for protein synthesis, while enzymes catalyze chemical reactions.
Nucleic acids transmit signals that begin biochemical processes, while enzymes convert carbohydrates into lipids and proteins.
(2.01 HC) SC. 912.L.18.1 Some proteins catalyze biochemical reactions. If a genetic defect prevented a protein catalyst from being produced, which of the following do you predict would happen in the cell?
The cell would find a different type of protein to catalyze the reaction.
The reaction the protein catalyzes would proceed very slowly or not at all.
The reaction the protein catalyzes would only occur in some places in the cell.
The reverse reaction of the one the protein catalyzes would begin to proceed.
SC.912.L.14.2 Look at the cross section of a cell membrane of a eukaryotic cell. H+ ions are being pumped from
a low concentration to a high concentration.
How do you describe this type of transport across the cell membrane?
Active transport
Passive transport
Facilitated Diffusion
Co-transport
SC.912.L.14.2 Which cell structure is correctly paired with its primary function?
ribosome - protein synthesis
mitochondrion - movement
vacuole - cell division
nucleus - storage of nutrients
SC.912.L.18.11 Some bacteria live in hot springs. Their cells contain enzymes that function best at temperatures
of 70 °C or higher. At the temperature of 50 °C, how will the enzymes in these bacterial cells most
likely be affected?
The enzymes will be destroyed by lysosomes.
The enzymes will lose their bond structure and fall apart
The enzymes will require less energy to function than at 70 °C.
The enzymes will not increase the rate of reactions as much as they would at 70 °C.
SC.912.L.18.1 Ovalbumin is a protein found in eggs. Which of the following best describes the molecular
structure of ovalbumin?
a group of six carbon atoms joined in a ring.
a chain of amino acids folded and twisted into a molecule
a set of three fatty acids attached to a molecule of glycero
a sequence of nitrogenous bases attached to a sugar phosphate backbone
SC.912.L.18.11 Many of the proteins in the human body are enzymes that catalyze chemical reactions. What is
the relationship between enzymes and activation energy?
When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it increases the activation energy of the reaction
When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it increases the activation energy of the product.
When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it decreases the activation energy of the reaction.
When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it does not affect the activation energy of the
reaction
SC.912.L.16.17 Mitosis and meiosis are processes involved in cellular reproduction. Which of the following
describes and event that results from mitosis but NOT meiosis?
two stages of cell division
replication of cellular genetic material
daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell
four daughter cells that are produced from each parent cell
SC.912.L.16.17 How are sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction different from each other?
sexual reproduction requires two parents and asexual reproduction requires
only one parent
asexual reproduction requires two parents and sexual reproduction requires
only one parent
mutation rates are lower in sexual reproduction than in asexual reproduction
asexual reproduction occurs only in multicellular organisms
SC.912.L.16.13 Sexual reproduction is vital to the propagation of the human race. Which of the following
sequences represents the correct order of events in the formation of a human fetus?
Zygote → Blastocyst → Embryo → Fertilization
Fertilization → Zygote → Blastocyst → Embryo
Blastocyst → Embryo → Differentiation → Zygote
Fertilization → Growth → Differentiation → Zygote
SC.912.L.16.13 Which of the following describes fertilization?
Cell differentiation to form a blastula
Formation of germ layers in a deuterostome
A sperm joining an egg to form a zygote
Sperm and egg production
SC.912.L.16.5 During transcription the DNA base sequence is transcribed into a complimentary mRNA
sequence. A codon table like the one shown below lists the amino acids coded for by particular triads
of mRNA bases. A segment of DNA has undergone a mutation in which one nucleotide has been
changed. The original sequence was ACG and the new sequence is ACA. Use the codon table to
determine whether or not this mutation will cause a change in the phenotype of the organism.
yes, the phenotype of the organism would change because a new amino acid will be coded
for
yes, the phenotype of the organism would change because any change in the DNA
sequence will cause a change in phenotype.
Even though the DNA sequence changed, the sequence still codes for the
same amino acid, so no change in phenotype will occur
It is impossible to determine if a change in phenotype will occur using only the
DNA sequence.
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