The purpose of the Truman Doctrine of 1947 was to

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization

When the Soviet Union sealed off the city of Berlin in 1948, President Harry Truman

The National Security Act of 1947 established the

The passage of the National Security Act in 1947

The initial response of the United States to the outbreak of war in Korea was to

The military actions during the Korean War were part of what larger U.S. strategy?

As a result of the Armistice, the borders of the two Koreas

The pamphlet shown above was typical of concerns that dominated which era of United States history?

"The truth of the matter is that Europe's requirements for the next three or four years of foreign food and other

essential products - principally from America - are so much greater than her present ability to pay that she must

have substantial additional help or face economic, social, and political deterioration of a very grave

character...Aside from the demoralizing effect on the world at large and the possibilities of disturbances

arriving as a result of the desperation of the people concerned, the consequences to the economy of the United

States should be apparent to all. It is logical that the United States should do whatever it is able to do to assist

in the return of normal economic health in the world, without which there can be no political stability and no

assured peace."

Secretary of State George Marshall, speech at Harvard University. 1947

The ideas expressed in the excerpt mark a complete shift from

"The truth of the matter is that Europe's requirements for the next three or four years of foreign food and other

essential products - principally from America - are so much greater than her present ability to pay that she must

have substantial additional help or face economic, social, and political deterioration of a very grave

character...Aside from the demoralizing effect on the world at large and the possibilities of disturbances

arriving as a result of the desperation of the people concerned, the consequences to the economy of the United

States should be apparent to all. It is logical that the United States should do whatever it is able to do to assist

in the return of normal economic health in the world, without which there can be no political stability and no

assured peace."

Secretary of State George Marshall, speech at Harvard University. 1947

The ideas expressed in the excerpt were most directly motivated by the

The political, economic, and military conflict, short of direct war on the battlefield, between the United States and the Soviet Union between 1945 and 1991.

Belief that the Soviet Union desired the spread of communism throughout the world. To prevent this spread U.S. diplomat George Kennan advocated a strict policy of containing communism where it already existed and preventing its spread.

Term coined by Churchill that described the ideological and political divide between the Communist Soviet Union and the non-Communist western world.

U.S. pledge to contain the expansion of communism around the world. Based on the idea of containment, this became the cornerstone of American foreign policy throughout the Cold War.

Post World War II European economic aid package developed by Secretaru of State George Marshall. The plan helped rebuild Western Europe and served American political and economic interests in the process.

The mass-scale transport of food and suplies to West Berlin by U.S. and British government air forces during the Soviet blockade of Berlin from 1948 to 1949.

Cold War military alliance intended to enhance the collective security of the United States and Western Europe.

Russian military alliance with seven satellite nations in response to U.S. Marshall Plan and establishment of Nato

April 1950 National Security Council document that advocated the intensification of the policy of containment both at home and abroad.

Conflict fought between the northern Communist, Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the United Nations-backed southern Republic of Korea from 1950 to 1953

Meant to advise the presidet on military and foreign affairs. The group is presided over by the national security adviser and consisting of the secretaries of state, defense, the army, the navy, and the air force and any others that the president may appoint.

Established by the National Security Act as a part of the executive branch. This group is responsible for coordinating intelligence gathering and conducting espionage abroad to counter Soviet spying operations.

In Germany in July 1945, Truman and Stalin agreed on several issues. The two leaders reaffirmed the concept of free elections in Eastern Europe; Soviet troop withdrawa; from the oil fields of northern Iran, which bordered the USSR; and the partiotion of Germany into four Allied occupation zones

U.S. House of

Representatives committee established

in 1938 to investigate domestic

communism. After World War II. HUAC

conducted highly publicized investigations

of Communist influence in government

and the entertainment industry.

Fear of

Communist influence infiltrating the United

States and threatening national security

in the 1940s and 1950s. Such fears

resulted in the creation of government-

controlled programs and entities such

as the House Un-American Activities

Committee and the Federal Employee

Loyalty Program.

Program established by

President Truman in 1947 to investigate

federal employees suspected of disloyalty

and Communist ties.

Southern Democrats who created a segregationist political party in

1948 as a response to federal extensions of civil rights. Dixiecrats advocated for a

state's right to legislate segregation. The Dixiecrat Party ran Strom Thurmond in

an unsuccessful bid for the presidency in 1948 against Truman.

This hampered the ability of unions to organize and lim-

ited their power to strike if larger national interests were seen to be at stake. Seeking to regain

labor's support, Truman vetoed the measure. Congress, however, overrode the president's veto, and

the it became law.

This provided World War II veterans with funds for college education, unemployment insurance, and housing. (Also known as Servicemen's Readjustment Act)

Thirteen-month bus boycott that began with the arrest of Rosa Parks for refusing to give up her seat to a white man. The

successful protest catapulted Martin Luther King, Jr., a local pastor, into national prominence as a civil rights leader.

Organization founded in 1957 by Martin Luther King Jr. and other black ministers to encourage nonviolent protests against racial segregation and disfranchisement in the South.

Nine students who, in 1957, became the first African Americans to attend Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. Federal troops were required to overcome the resistance of white officials and the violence of white protesters.

Term used to describe the harassment and persecution of

suspected political radicals. Senator Joseph McCarthy was one of many prominent government figures who heiped

incite anti-Communist hysteria in the early 1950s

Sharp population

increase between 1946 and 1964 as a

result of the end of World War I, increased

economic prosperity, improvements in

healthcare, and a trend toward marriage

at younger age.

Suburban subdivision built in Long Island, New York in the

1950s in response to the postwar housing shortage. Subsequently they were built in Pennsylvania and New Jersey.

Created in the 1930s, provided long-term mortgages to qualified buyers at low interest rates.

The southern and western part of the United States to which

millions of Americans moved after World War I. Migrants were drawn by the region's climate and jobs in the defense, petroleum, and chemical industries.

A small group of young poets, writers, intellectuals, musicians, and artists who challenged mainstream American politics and culture in the 1950s.

Landmark 1954 Supreme Court case that overturned the

"separate but equal" principle established by Plessy v. Ferguson and applied to public schools. Few schools in the South were racially desegregated for more than a decade.

Civil rights organization that grew out of the sit-ins of 1960. The

organization focused on taking direct action and political organizing to achieve its goals,