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There is evidence that there was once only a single continent called Pangea. Currently, seven continents exist on Earth. See the picture.
Which of the following statements best describes what happened to Pangea?
Earthquakes and volcanoes broke Pangea into smaller pieces.
Material movement in Earth's interior caused Pangea to break apart.
Wind and waves broke Pangea into smaller pieces.
Earth's magnetic field pulled Pangea apart into smaller pieces.
The images below show how Earth's surface has changed over the past 225 million years.
From the images above, it is clear that the South American continent and the African continent have been separating. Which features formed between South America and Africa (the boxed area in the image below) as the continents separated? Choose the best answer.
an ocean and a deep ocean trench
an ocean and a mid-ocean ridge
an ocean, a mid-ocean ridge, and volcano
an ocean, a mid-ocean ridge, and trench
The images below show how Earth's surface has changed over the past 225 million years.
What earthquake pattern would you expect to see between South America and Africa?
a line of shallow earthquakes
a line of deep earthquakes
randomly deep and shallow earthquakes
deep earthquakes near the continents
no earthquakes
Four regions (A through D) are marked on the figure.
In which regions are earthquakes most likely to occur? Choose the best answer.
C
A,D
C,D
A,C,D
A,B.C.D
Which regions show one plate moving away from another plate? Choose the best answer.
C
A, C
A, D
C, D
A, B, C, D
What happens to the material of a plate that goes under another plate?
The plate material merges with the plate material of the other plate.
The plate material moves into the mantle.
The plate material stays in the crust layer of Earth.
The plate material does not go anywhere because plates do not move.
Which statement best describes what happens between two plates as they separate?
No changes occur because plates do not move.
Material from Earth's interior fills in the gap between the two plates.
Ocean water fills the gap between the two plates.
The gap between the two plates forms and expands.
Which regions show one plate moving toward another plate? Choose the best answer.
C
A,D
B,C
A, C,D
A,B,C,D
Which of the following processes caused the separation of South America and Africa?
Earth's magnetic field
gravity and heat currents beneath the surface
earthquakes and volcanoes
wind and waves
Geologists say that there was once a single continent on Earth called Pangea.
How long did it take for the single continent to split and move into the continents we see on Earth today?
about 200 years
about 20 thousand years
about 2 million years
about 200 million years
about 2 billion years
Two plates move toward each other. Plate A is more dense (heavier for its size) than Plate B.
Which of the following outcomes is likely to occur?
The two plates combine together to form a single plate.
Plate A goes under Plate B.
Plate B goes under Plate A.
The two plates bounce off each other.
The plates stop moving.
Which of the following pictures best represents the plate movements between the divergent boundary segments?
From the images above, it is clear that the South American continent and the African continent have been separating.Which features formed between South America and Africa (the boxed area in the image below) as the continents separated? Choose the best answer.
an ocean and a deep ocean trench
an ocean and a mid-ocean ridge
an ocean, a mid-ocean ridge, and a chain of volcanic islands
an ocean, a mid-ocean ridge, and a deep ocean trench
Based on the image of GPS station movement, which direction is Australia (the continent in the lower right corner of the map) moving?
North
Northeast
South
Southwest
Where do you think Africa was located 10 million years ago, based on how it is moving today?
Northeast of where it is now
Southwest of where it is now
the same position as it is now
How far from P1 on the geographic profile does the land elevation rise above sea level?
670 km
740 km
1040 km
How far from Point P1 is the lowest point (the trench) on the geographic profile of the Andes?
0 km
670 km
1040 km
In the relief map in Seismic Explorer, what color represents the trench (deepest parts of the ocean)?
light blue
dark orange
dark blue
red
Where is the youngest oceanic crust?
Near the shore
Near the mid-ocean ridge
All the oceanic crust is the same age
There's no way to determine the age of the oceanic crust
At which type of boundary does ridge push occur?
convergent
divergent
transform
all of the above
At which boundary type does slab pull occur?
convergent
divergent
transform
all of the above
How does gravity cause plates to move?
mantle convection
ridge push
slab pull
all of the above
Below is a zoomed-in image from Seismic Explorer showing the plate boundary at a mid-ocean ridge. The two plates are labeled.
The blue lines represent sections of divergent boundary, and the pink lines represent transform boundaries. Arrows show the directions of movement at the divergent and transform boundaries.
Why does the arrow direction at the transform boundary match the arrow direction at the divergent boundary?
Plates move away from each other at a transform boundary, just as they do at a divergent boundary.
Plates move past each other at a transform boundary, just as they do at a divergent boundary.
The motion at the divergent and transform boundaries must match because a plate is solid and moves in a single direction.
Which of the factors in the Flood Diamond include information about the slope of the land?
Precipitation- Rain and snow
Topography- The elevation of the land
Permeability- The ease with which water can pass through a surface
Water Table- The upper surface of water in the ground
Look at the photo. What do you think happens to rain when it falls at the top of the hills near the city? Select all that apply.
It turns to ice and snow
It flows down the mountain and into the river.
It evaporates into the air.
None of the above
All of the above
In which zone do you think water flows the fastest?
Water moves at the same speed in all three zones.
Zone 3
Zone 2
Zone 1
None of the above
In which zone do you think flooding is most likely?
Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone 3
All of the above
Which area on the map has the steepest slope?
A
B
C
D
Which area on map is relatively flat?
A
B
C
D
If there was a large rain storm, and the river water began to rise, which area on the map do you think is likely to flood first?
A
B
C
D
Take a look at the map below. This map shows areas in the US that have experienced a change in flood size over the last 100 years. Larger triangles indicate an increase in flood size over time.
Which regions have experienced an increase on large floods over the last 50 years (positive trends)?
The West
Southwest
Northeast
Midwest
Northeast and Midwest
What is the maximum total area flooded?
1000 acres
1200 acres
1400 acres
1600 acres
Approximately how many days did Silverton experience flooding?
2 days
4 days
6 days
8days
Which region has experienced increases in precipitation compared to the 1901-1960 average?
Southwest
Midwest
Both regions
Neither region
Which region has experienced decreases in large flooding events?
Southwest
Midwest
Both regions
Neither region
Which map, past (Silverton) or present (Silver City), has more impermeable surfaces?
Past map of Silverton
Current map of Silver City
Both maps
Neither map
The picture shows part of downtown St. Louis. Which of the following do you notice about the area between the river and the buildings?
The city buildings are right at the edge of the river
There is a grassy park between the river and the city
There are farms
It is raining
Look at the photo. The house is almost completely under water.
What are some of the ways that inundation could impact the people living in this neighborhood?
Furniture and clothes ruined
Damage to cars and other vehicles
Structure and walls soggy and unsafe
all of the above
imagine a farm was inundated to this level. What is not a harmful impact be to that farm?
Crops and plants would be watered
Tractors and other equipment would be washed clean
Animals would drown
Chemicals from the farm can spread to nearby areas
What is not a benefit flooding has for the environment?
Flooding provides good soil moisture for crops to grow
Flooding provides nutrients to the soil
Flooding gives fisherman more areas to catch fish
Flooding replenishes water resources
Examine the map
What areas do you think the levee shown in red was built to protect?
Valley Park
Fenton
Both places
Neither place
What is tephra?
The highest layer of the atmosphere that a volcano can reach.
The inner most layer of the earth's crust where volcanoes form
the material ejected explosively from a volcano
an underground volcano
The area where tephra falls and the thickness of the layer of tephra is called
tephra distribution
tephra location
tephra sphere
tephra sphere
What does VEI stand for?
Volcano Excess Index
Volcano Explosivity Index
Volcano Element Index
Volcano Emission Index
What is the numerical range of VEI?
1-5
0 - 8
0-10
1-10
Which two factors do scientists use to formulate the VEI?
Loudness and color of eruption
size and loudness of volcanic bomb
Type and color of ash found in tephra
Column height and amount of tephra ejected
Ash and volcanic bombs are examples of
Tephra
VEI
Volcano age
Volcano location
Factors that impact tephra distribution are
wind
gravity
climate and weather
all of the above
The possibility of a volcanic eruption negatively impacting people's lives such as causing loss, damage, or injury is
risk
hazard
volcanic bomb
tephra
Anything that has the potential to harm someone or something. is
risk
hazard
volcanic bomb
tephra
Plans to reduce risk and hazard in a volcano eruption generally include evacuation
true
false
How many acres were flooded?
1000 acres
1400 acres
1600 acres
1800 acres
How many does days does flooding occur?
2 days
4 days
4-5 days
10 days
How many days does flooding occur?
2 days
4 days
6 days
10 days
how many acres are flooded?
1000 acres
1200 acres
1400 acres
1600 acres
Which side of the Flood Diamond does building a levee change the most around the river?
It changes the precipitation that falls into the area
It changes the topography around the river
It changes the permeability near the river
It changes the water table of the area
Which of the following statements best describes how these broken pieces (plates) on the surface of Earth move?
Plates stay where they are and do not move.
Plates move sometimes and do not move other times.
Plates are moving slowly and constantly.
Plates moved in the distant past, but they do not move today.
Scientists say that Earth's surface is broken up into many pieces (plates).
As seen from above, which image best represents Earth's surface?
A
B
C
D
There is evidence that there was once only a single continent called Pangea. Currently, seven continents exist on Earth. See the picture.
Which of the following statements best describes what happened to Pangea?
Earthquakes and volcanoes broke Pangea into smaller pieces.
Material movement in Earth's interior caused Pangea to break apart.
Wind and waves broke Pangea into smaller pieces.
Earth's magnetic field pulled Pangea apart into smaller pieces.
It takes high temperatures to make natural gas. The high temperatures are present far below the surface, at high pressures. What temperature range is needed to produce natural gas
160-225 °C
60 - 160 °C
225 - 250 °C
25-60 °C
Rocks and sediments vary in their porosity (space that can hold liquid or gas).
What do you think is the porosity of the shale that makes it able to hold gas?
high porosity
low porosity
Rocks and sediments vary in their permeability (ability of liquid or gas to flow through the rock).
What do you think is the permeability of the shale that makes it able to hold gas?
low permeability
high permeability
Based on the information in the graph, what will happen to electricity consumption in the future?
Electricity consumption in the future will
increase.
stay the same
decrease
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