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- 1. Multiple Choice
Based on the graph above, which of the following tree species would be the predominant species found during the intermediate stage of succession?
Red maple
Sweetgum
Tulip poplar
White Oak
- 2. Multiple Choice
A team of ecologists are studying four different ecosystems with varying levels of biodiversity. The ecologists categorize the different levels of biodiversity for the four ecosystems as shown in the table below.
Based on the information above, which ecosystem most likely experienced a recent population bottleneck?
Ecosystem A, because its low genetic diversity could have resulted from an event that reduced the variation in the gene pool.
Ecosystem B, because its high species diversity could have resulted from increased competition among its members.
Ecosystem C, because its low habitat diversity indicates an increase in available niches.
Ecosystem D, because its low species diversity indicates that it also has low species evenness.
- 3. Multiple Choice
Which of the following best describes the trends in atmospheric CO2 concentration and Antarctic temperature over the past 800,000 years?
Atmospheric CO2 concentration has remained about the same, and Antarctic temperature has varied widely over the past 800,000 years.
Both atmospheric CO2 concentration and Antarctic temperature have remained about the same over the past 800,000 years.
Atmospheric CO2 concentration and Antarctic temperature are directly correlated over the past 800,000 years.
Atmospheric CO2 concentration and Antarctic temperature are inversely correlated over the past 800,000 years.
- 4. Multiple Choice
Researchers examined the effect of industrialization and increased pollution (soot) in London on the coloration in a single species of moths. Birds prey on the moths that are easily visible on trees. The researchers observed moths on tree trunks and recorded their body color. The percentage of moths with light colored bodies and the percentage of moths with dark bodies is shown on the graph above.
Based on the data in the graph, which of the following best describes the change in the population of moths as a result of industrialization?
The percentage of dark colored moths increased in the population and the percentage of light-colored moths decreased in the population.
The percentage of dark-colored moths decreased in the population and the percentage of light-colored moths increased in the population.
The percentage of dark colored moths decreased in the population after 1850 and the percentage light-colored moths remained constant throughout the time period.
The percentage of both the dark-colored moths and the light-colored moths remained constant throughout the time period.
- 5. Multiple Choice
Which of the following ecosystem services are categorized as regulating?
Wood fuel, medicine, and potable water
Pollination, decomposition, and water purification
Recreation, education, and aesthetics
Photosynthesis, nutrient cycling, and creation of soils
- 6. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is an example of an ecosystem that provides ecosystem services including protection from hurricane storm surges?
A lock and dam system
an intact coastal wetland
an energy-producing tidal barrage system
an offshore deep-water fish farm
- 7. Multiple Choice
Which of the following economic consequences to a provisioning ecosystem service will most likely result from increased global warming?
The collapse of local fisheries, because of the damage to coral reefs from ocean acidification
Loss of revenue from the oil industry, because of increased oil spills from offshore oil wells
Widespread crop failure, because of increased acid precipitation in agricultural areas
Increased cost for water filtration, because of loss of coastal wetlands
- 8. Multiple Choice
Based on the theory of island biogeography, which of the following islands would most likely have the highest number of species living on it?
An island 30 hectares in size that is 30 kilometers off the coast of the mainland
An island 30 hectares in size that is 10 kilometers off the coast of the mainland
An island 10 hectares in size that is 30 kilometers off the coast of the mainland
An island 10 hectares in size that is 10 kilometers off the coast of the mainland
- 9. Multiple Choice
Which soil type is generally the best type for agriculture?
sandy loam
sand
clay
loam
- 10. Multiple Choice
If the cactus contains 10,000 units of energy, how much energy is available to the fox?
100,000
100,000
100
10
- 11. Multiple Choice
The following is an example of a food chain. What is the lion in this food chain?
primary producer
primary consumer
secondary consumer
tertiary consumer
- 12. Multiple Choice
Which of the following occurs during an El Niño Event?
Tradewinds get stronger in the tropical pacific
sea surface warms in the central and eastern tropical pacific
fewer tropical storms from over the warmed central and eastern pacific
upwelling increases on the coast of Peru
- 13. Multiple Choice
What type of soil would you have if you had 20% clay, 60% silt, and 20% sand?
silty loam
sandy loam
silty clay
clay
- 14. Multiple Choice
A species that has little to no parental care, produces many young all at once, and has a high probability of dying early on in life is considered a...
type i
type ii
type iii
k
- 15. Multiple Choice
According to the demographic transition model, as a society moves from the preindustrial to transitional phase, the ________ drops first.
death rate
birth rate
total population
immigration rate
- 16. Multiple Choice
Flood control, pollination of crops, storage of carbon and climate stabilization are all types of which ecosystem services?
Supporting
Provisioning
Cultural
Regulating
- 17. Multiple Choice
In the nitrogen cycle which process converts atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonia (NH3)?
denitrification
nitrification
nitrogen fixation
nitrogen solidification
- 18. Multiple Choice
Which carbon sink holds the most carbon?
atmosphere
soil
plants
ocean
- 19. Multiple ChoiceIn what process is Carbon transformed into chemical energy?PhotosynthesisRespirationPrimary ProductionSecondary Production
- 20. Multiple Choice
Which of the following terrestrial biomes has the highest net primary productivity?
Desert
Tropical Rain Forest
Taiga
Savanna
- 21. Multiple Choice
The energy available to consumers determined by subtracting the energy used by plants from the total energy transformed by the process of photosynthesis.
Cellular Productivity
Net Primary Productivity
Gross Primary Productivity
Cellular Respiration
- 22. Multiple Choice
In the mid 1900's, the wolves of Yellowstone were deeply affected by humans and their population significantly decreased-- making them endangered, and eventually removing them completely from the Yellowstone ecosystem. The removal of wolves, the top predator, caused what to happen to the biodiversity within Yellowstone?
A trophic cascade affected the entire food web in Yellowstone, causing some organisms to experience decreases, and others to grow rapidly.
Biodiversity increased when the wolves disappeared and more species were able to flourish without the wolves.
A trophic cascade irreversibly ruined the ecosystem in Yellowstone--destroying biodiversity forever.
The biodiversity of the park was not affected when the wolves were removed.
- 23. Multiple Choice
If gross primary productivity in a wetland is 3 kg C/m^2/year and respiration is 1.5 kg C/m^2/year, what is the net primary productivity of the wetland?
Impossible to determine from the given information
3 kg C/m^2/year
1.5 kg C/m^2/year
2 kg C/m^2/year
4.5 kg C/m^2/year
- 24. Multiple ChoiceTemperature, light, air, water, and soil are all _____ parts of the environmentalivebioticabioticliving
- 25. Multiple Choice
Which of the following is the correct order of ecological succession?
grass - shrubs - lichens - trees
lichens - shrubs - grasses - trees
lichens - grasses - shrubs - trees
grasses - lichens - shrubs - trees
- 26. Multiple Choice
What stage of the demographic transition model is this country in?
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
- 27. Multiple Choice
Organisms adapted to narrow habitats, limited food resources, or other specific environmental conditions.
Specialist
Generalist
- 28. Multiple Choice
Which population has the greatest potential for rapid growth?
Populations with a large number of middle aged individuals
Older populations
Populations with large numbers of young offspring
None of these
- 29. Multiple Choice
What growth model has an J-shaped curve?
Logistic
Exponential
- 30. Multiple Choice
Why are sea otters so crucial to an ecosystem?
They are indicator species.
They build dams and help rivers flow
They provide us with nutrients
They feed on sea urchins which are harmful to kelp forests
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