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- 1. Open EndedWhich of these is a true statement about anthropologists? A: Anthropologists' studies are limited to today's cultures and societies. B: Anthropologists study how ancient cultures are similar and different. C: Anthropologists leave the study of human origins to archaeologists. D: Anthropologists leave the study of social behaviors to sociologists.
- 2. Open EndedIn order to determine how many miles it is from a particular city on a map to the southern boundary of the United States, which map features would a student have to use? A:scale, longitude, compass B:legend, labels, longitude C:scale, compass, latitude, legend D:legend, scale, compass, labels
- 3. Open EndedWhich of these statements is true? A: A historian explains how events in the past are connected. B: A historian does not interpret causes and meanings of events. C: A historian considers how history affects society, not the individual. D: A historian only considers written records of the past to be valid.
- 4. Open EndedDendrochronology is a method of dating by using A: tree rings. B: radiocarbon. C: calendar age. D: correlated age.
- 5. Open EndedWhich of the statements about archaeologists is true? A: Archaeologists excavate artifacts but leave it to historians to analyze them. B: Archaeologists are helpful to anthropologists but not to historians. C: Archaeologists study the remains of ancient humans as well as artifacts. D: Archaeologists study only artifacts, not human history.
- 6. Open EndedWhich of these would most likely be studied by an anthropologist? A: the relationship between apes and chimpanzees B: the formation of the first languages that were developed C: the cause of the Plague during the Middle Ages D: the location of an earthquake's epicenter
- 7. Open EndedWhich would be considered a secondary source about the assassination of Abraham Lincoln? A: a diary entry by a witness to the assassination B: an interview with a member of the audience at Ford's Theatre where Lincoln was shot C: an interview with the doctor at Peterson House who treated Lincoln before he died D: a newspaper article written by a reporter who was in the audience at Ford's Theatre
- 8. Open EndedThe main difference between archaeologists and anthropologists is that A: archaeologists find and excavate the artifacts of ancient people, while anthropologists excavate the tombs of ancient people. B: archaeologists concentrate on the physical artifacts, while anthropologists concentrate on early societies and how they changed over time. C: archaeologists find and excavate the artifacts of ancient people, while anthropologists interpret the findings of archaeologists. D: archaeologists find and excavate both artifacts and human remains of ancient people, while anthropologists study present-day societies and their peoples.
- 9. Open EndedWho would study Stonehenge for clues about the society that built it? A: physicists B: geographers C: anthropologists D: geologists
- 10. Open EndedWhich of the following theories states that humans first migrated to America by boat? A: the coastal crossing theory B: the land bridge theory C: the Ice Age theory D: the Asia theory
- 11. Open EndedOne similarity between the land bridge and coastal crossing theories of migration is that A: both stress the use of boats in migration. B: neither point out how easy it was for migrants to find food. C: both state that migrants used the land bridge to migrate. D: neither are taken seriously by archaeologists.
- 12. Open EndedThe Clovis, Folsom, and Plano cultures were all based on A: farming and trading. B: trading and establishing settlements. C: hunting and gathering. D: hunting and farming.
- 13. Open EndedWhat prompted early migration to North America and created a way for migrants to get there? A: an increase in Asia's population B: an increase in Asia's food supply C: the melting of Earth's ice caps D: the most recent Ice Age
- 14. Open EndedThe land bridge and coastal crossing theories concern the earliest human migration from A: Asia to South America. B: South America to Asia. C: Asia to North America. D: North America to Asia.
- 15. Open EndedThe Clovis culture was replaced by the A: Plano culture. B: Folsom culture. C: American Indian culture. D: Paleo-Indian culture.
- 16. Open EndedWhich term most precisely names the earliest culture to develop in North America? A: the Folsom B: the Plano C: the Paleo-Indians D: the Clovis
- 17. Open EndedWhich of the following statements best describes the process of how later Paleo-Indian cultures replaced earlier ones? A: New groups of hunter-gatherers migrated from other areas and replaced the older groups. B: Over time, groups adapted to changing conditions and developed new tools and habits. C: Earlier cultures died out because they could not adapt to changes in the environment. D: Ice Age animals such as mammoths migrated to other areas, forcing cultures to find different food sources.
- 18. Open EndedThe Clovis people made tools from A: stone and bone. B: stone and metal. C: animal hide and metal. D: bone and ice.
- 19. Open EndedWhich of the following best describes where Clovis artifacts are generally found? A: aboveground B: in caves C: underwater D: deep underground
- 20. Open EndedOne difference between the Cherokee culture of the Southeast and Pueblo groups is that A: the Pueblo groups lived in the deserts of the Southwest. B: the Pueblo groups lived in the woodlands of the Northeast. C: the Pueblo groups lived on the coast of the Northwest. D: the Pueblo groups lived on the Great Plains.
- 21. Open EndedWhich of the following Southwestern American Indian groups disappeared sometime around the year 1300? A: the Hopewell B: the Pueblo C: the Anasazi D: the Lakota
- 22. Open EndedWhich of these American Indian groups still celebrates its heritage at powwows? A: the Anasazi B: the Mississippians C: the Lakota D: the Hopewell
- 23. Open EndedThe Mound Builders were American Indians who flourished A: in the Great Plains. B: in the Southwest. C: in woodlands around the Great Lakes. D: in the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys.
- 24. Open EndedThe pre-Columbian Iroquois lived in A: the woodland areas near the Great Lakes. B: the Appalachian Mountains of the Southeast. C: the Great Plains region. D: the high deserts of the Southwest.
- 25. Open EndedWhich statement best explains how the ancient Arctic tribes fed themselves? A: by farming during the summer and storing crops B: by using horses and spears to hunt caribou C: by traveling to food sources by horse D: by hunting and fishing
- 26. Open EndedWhich of the following was a pre-Columbian Mound Builder culture? A: the Cherokee B: the Anasazi C: the Adena D: the Iroquois
- 27. Open EndedWhich of the following American Indian cultures was made up of several groups who spoke a common language? A: the Cherokee B: the Iroquois C: the Adena D: the Mogollon
- 28. Open EndedWhat artifacts are the Hohokam people best known for? A: mounds made for burial and ceremonial purposes B: longhouses made from the forests around them C: distinctive, patterned pottery used for religious ceremonies D: canals for carrying water to their desert farms
- 29. Open EndedWhich statement best describes how the arrival of horses affected North America? A: It allowed the Iroquois tribes to develop a common language. B: It allowed the Southeastern tribes to develop new ways to farm. C: It allowed the Plains tribes to better hunt buffalo. D: It allowed the Arctic tribes to begin trading with other tribes.
- 30. Open EndedDuring the Age of Exploration, the Spanish, French, and English all wanted to A: destroy the Native Americans. B: find a new route to Africa. C: acquire territory in North America. D: explore the American Southwest.
- 31. Open EndedThe Spanish encomienda was A: part of the Columbian Exchange. B: a system of forced labor. C: a disease that killed American Indians. D: an expedition that searched for gold.
- 32. Open EndedThe fate of the Roanoke colonists is unclear because they A: moved to a different area. B: disappeared from the area. C: refused to discuss their time at Roanoke. D: agreed to keep their activities a secret.
- 33. Open EndedWhen the English and Spanish explorers came in contact with American Indians, both groups of explorers A: respected the American Indian way of life. B: conquered and enslaved the American Indians. C: avoided contact with the American Indians D: refused to trade with the American Indians
- 34. Open EndedIn what way were Spanish and French explorers alike? A: They both conquered American Indians. B: They both wanted to assimilate American Indians into their culture. C: They both learned American Indian customs. D: They both sought to spread their religion in the New World.
- 35. Open EndedSpanish conquistadors in the New World sought A: trade routes for fur. B: adventure and wealth. C: settlements in North America. D: a new passage to Africa.
- 36. Open EndedNew France was located in what is today A: the eastern United States. B: the country of Peru. C: Canada and the United States. D: the Caribbean.
- 37. Open EndedUnlike the Spanish, French settlers in North America in the 1400s and 1500s A: enslaved American Indians. B: learned American Indian languages. C: converted American Indians to Christianity. D: fought with American Indians.
- 38. Open EndedBoth Jacques Cartier and Samuel de Champlain explored A: Mexico for Spain. B: the Mississippi for France. C: Florida for Spain. D: Canada for France.
- 39. Open EndedA reason Jamestown settlers struggled to survive was that they A: were not used to doing physical labor. B: were looking for the Roanoke colonists. C: befriended the Powhatan people. D: had been successful farmers in England.
- 40. Open EndedIn 1638, Anne Hutchinson was banished from Massachusetts Bay Colony for A: starting her own church. B: supporting Puritan teachings. C: relocating to Rhode Island. D: preaching in her home.
- 41. Open EndedWhat made Massachusetts Bay Colony a theocracy? A: It encouraged religious tolerance and was open to colonists of differing beliefs. B: It did not encourage religious tolerance, but it did not strongly oppose it either. C: It was established by people seeking freedom from religious persecution. D: It had strict rules governing behavior that were based on religious principles.
- 42. Open EndedThe Pilgrim leader who organized the first Thanksgiving was A: John Winthrop. B: Roger Williams. C: Anne Hutchinson. D: William Bradford.
- 43. Open EndedA government based on religious principles is called a A: democracy. B: theocracy. C: republic. D: monarchy.
- 44. Open EndedWhich New England colony was established by the Separatists? A: Massachusetts Bay B: Rhode Island C: Providence D: Plymouth
- 45. Open EndedWho was Metacomet? A: a Pequot chief B: a Wampanoag chief C: a Narragansett chief D: a colonial governor
- 46. Open EndedRead the excerpt from the sermon "A Model of Christian Charity" by John Winthrop. "For we must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us. So that if we shall deal falsely with our God in this work we have undertaken, and so cause Him to withdraw His present help from us, we shall be made a story and a by-word through the world." Based on this excerpt, what was John Winthrop's goal? A: to make Massachusetts Bay Colony an example of Christian living B: to make Plymouth Colony an example of Christian living C: to establish Massachusetts Bay Colony as a place of religious tolerance D: to establish Plymouth Colony as a place of religious tolerance
- 47. Open EndedWhich of the following groups formed an alliance against the Pequot Indians during the Pequot War? A: the Wampanoag Indians and Spanish colonists B: the Wampanoag Indians and English colonists C: the Narragansett Indians and English colonists D: the Narragansett Indians and French colonists
- 48. Open EndedWhat was unique about Roger Williams's Rhode Island colony? A: It was settled by people who wanted religious freedom. B: It was settled by people who were looking for Virginia. C: It was the only New England colony to tolerate people of all religions. D: It was the only New England colony with separation of church and state.
- 49. Open EndedDuring which event did American Indians become allies with English colonists and fight other American Indians? A: the Pequot War B: the Protestant Reformation C: the first Thanksgiving D: the Great Migration
- 50. Open EndedHow were representatives to the House of Burgesses chosen? A: They were elected by all the people in Virginia. B: They were appointed by the British monarch. C: They were elected by Virginia landowners. D: They were appointed by the governor of the colony.
- 51. Open EndedJames Oglethorpe, the founder of Georgia, established good relations with local American Indians by A: releasing them from enslavement and forced labor. B: providing them with rum and tobacco for a low price. C: allowing them representation in the colonial government. D: making American Indian trade an important part of Georgia's economy.
- 52. Open EndedWhy was Georgia governed by different rules than the other southern colonies? A: It was founded for economic reasons. B: It was founded for humanitarian reasons. C: It was founded for military reasons. D: It was founded for political reasons.
- 53. Open EndedRead the excerpt from an account of life in Jamestown, Virginia. "Now all of us at James Town, beginning to feel that sharp prick of hunger . . . fed upon horses and . . . dogs, cats, rats, and mice . . . boots, shoes, or any other leather. . . . And now famine beginning to look ghastly and pale in every face that nothing was spared to maintain life." Which part of the early colonial era does the excerpt describe? A: The First Thanksgiving B: The Tuscarora War C: The Yamasee War D: The Starving Time
- 54. Open EndedAn outcome of the slave codes in the southern colonies during the 1600s was that A: rules were established about how slaveholders could treat their enslaved workers. B: an enslaved person was defined as someone who could be bought and sold. C: rules were established about how many hours enslaved people could work. D: an enslaved person was defined as someone who would work for a set number of years.
- 55. Open EndedWhat started the Yamasee War between settlers and American Indians in South Carolina in 1715? A: The Yamasee attacked Jamestown and burned it to the ground. B: Settlers allied with the Tuscarora Indians attacked the Yamasee. C: The Yamasee began to encroach on settlers' land and were attacked. D: The Yamasee attacked white traders and their families in South Carolina.
- 56. Open EndedMany original settlers in the Carolinas came from A: Spain. B: Ireland. C: France. D: Barbados.
- 57. Open EndedWhy was Virginia's House of Burgesses significant? A: It gave the colonists a chance to govern themselves. B: It placed the colonists under the king's authority. C: It appointed a governor for each American colony. D: It appointed a king for the colony of Virginia only.
- 58. Open EndedSlavery was especially common in the colony of South Carolina because A: it grew more corn and wheat than any other southern colony. B: indentured servants refused to do farm work on plantations. C: plantation owners from Barbados brought enslaved workers with them. D: slave codes kept people in other colonies from having enslaved workers.
- 59. Open EndedThe Tuscarora War between settlers and American Indians in North Carolina was caused by A: local tribes attacking Jamestown and burning it to the ground. B: settlers capturing American Indians to use as enslaved labor. C: American Indian tribes encroaching on settlers' land. D: American Indians interfering with trade between settlers and Britain.
- 60. Open EndedTobacco played an important economic role in which of the following middle colonies? A: Maryland B: New York C: New Jersey D: Pennsylvania
- 61. Open EndedWhich statement best describes proprietorship in the middle colonies? A: A proprietorship was formed when a king granted land to an individual in exchange for a share of future profits. B: A proprietorship was formed when a king granted land to an individual in exchange for a sizable sum of money. C: A proprietorship was formed when a king granted land to a group of indentured servants in exchange for their passage. D: A proprietorship was formed when a king granted land to a group of colonists in exchange for their agreement to farm the land.
- 62. Open EndedLord Baltimore was made the proprietor of Maryland by A: William Penn. B: the king of England. C: Cecil Calvert. D: the duke of York.
- 63. Open EndedHow did William Penn try to attract new settlers to his colony in Pennsylvania? A: by describing the abundance of gold and silver B: by describing the favorable environment and climate C: by offering the opportunity to become wealthy traders D: by offering the opportunity to follow strict Puritan practices
- 64. Open EndedThe colony of Maryland was established to create A: a place where English Roman Catholics could be safe. B: a colony that was independent from England. C: a place for debtors get gain a fresh start. D: plantations to grow sugar and cotton.
- 65. Open EndedThe city of Philadelphia was founded as part of the colony of A: Pennsylvania. B: Delaware. C: Maryland. D: New York.
- 66. Open EndedWhy did some residents in New Netherland welcome the British takeover of their colony? A: They resented the policies of Stuyvesant's government. B: They wanted to build a stronger trading empire. C: They wanted the right to have enslaved workers. D: They resented sharing their profits with the Dutch king.
- 67. Open EndedThe Dutch West India Company wanted to establish a colony in North America to A: expand its trading empire. B: enjoy religious freedom. C: encourage Catholics to leave Holland. D: form a representative democracy.
- 68. Open EndedDuring the early days of their establishment, New Netherland and Pennsylvania both A: had good relations with American Indians. B: had poor relations with American Indians. C: restricted the freedom of religion. D: split into separate English colonies.
- 69. Open EndedWhat was most significant about Maryland's Act of Toleration? A: The law inspired the growth of religious freedom in the colonies. B: The law became a model for other North American colonies. C: The law granted religious freedom to all non-Christians in Maryland. D: The law led to a Catholic takeover of the colonial assembly in Maryland.
- 70. Open EndedHow did the transatlantic slave trade benefit European plantation owners in the West Indies? A: It allowed them to grow and produce goods more cheaply. B: It provided them with guns and ammunition for defending their plantations. C: It provided them with goods from Europe unavailable in the Americas. D: It allowed them to sell enslaved persons to landowners in the Middle East.
- 71. Open EndedWhy did Europeans ship goods to Africa during triangular trade? A: to trade for enslaved Africans B: to trade for African goods C: to provide food for enslaved Africans D: to repay debt owed by enslaved Africans
- 72. Open EndedEnslaved people in the New England colonies were likely to work A: on sizable plantations. B: for indentured servants. C: under strict slave codes. D: as artisans or dockhands.
- 73. Open EndedA reason why slavery developed in the American colonies was A: indentured servants became slaves after seven years. B: southern plantation owners needed more labor at lower costs. C: indentured servants no longer wanted to come to the colonies. D: New England farmers needed a lot of help with their cash crops.
- 74. Open EndedApproximately how many people died during the Middle Passage? A: 2 million B: 16 million C: 60,000 D: 600
- 75. Open EndedIn colonial America, enslaved workers who received manumission A: purchased their freedom. B: escaped to northern colonies. C: were freed by slaveholders. D: became indentured servants.
- 76. Open EndedHow were the lives of free African Americans similar to those of enslaved African Americans in the 1700s? A: Neither group was allowed to legally marry. B: Both groups could live wherever they wanted. C: Neither group had true equality with whites. D: Both groups could receive an education.
- 77. Open EndedIndentured servants who were freed caused conflict in the colonies by A: moving onto American Indian lands. B: taking lands from plantation owners. C: bringing enslaved people to work on new farms. D: building new cities such as Jamestown.
- 78. Open EndedIn colonial times, free African Americans mainly lived A: in rural areas. B: on plantations. C: in small towns. D: in cities.
- 79. Open EndedTo keep up with European demand, how did African slave traders enslave people? A: They took prisoners of war and raided villages. B: They stopped selling enslaved people to the Middle East. C: They traded goods with Africans on the West Coast. D: They improved conditions on slave ships to help more people survive.
- 80. Open EndedAmerican Indians who traded with the French during the 1500s wanted to obtain which of the following? A: furs B: fish C: land claims D: manufactured goods
- 81. Open EndedSouth Carolina's leaders responded to the Stono Rebellion by A: organizing a new march toward Florida. B: ending the slave codes. C: enacting stricter slave codes. D: freeing the enslaved people who started it.
- 82. Open EndedAncient Arctic people took advantage of their harsh environment by A: building log homes. B: using horses for transportation. C: moving along the coast. D: building igloos.
- 83. Open EndedPre-Columbian American Indian groups lived in the Americas A: before the settlement of South America. B: before the arrival of European settlers. C: after the arrival of Spanish settlers. D: after European settlement of the Americas.
- 84. Open EndedSecondary sources would be valuable to a historian in order to provide A: the sights and sounds of an event. B: insights into the thoughts and feelings of participants in an event. C: a more thorough analysis of the impact on history of an event. D: an evaluation of opinions of people at an event.
- 85. Open EndedWhich of the following led to conflicts between settlers and American Indians in Virginia? A: farmers destroying the soil with tobacco crops B: farmers moving onto land close to the coast C: indentured servants encroaching on settlers' land D: colonial traders charging too much for tobacco
- 86. Open EndedBoth Pennsylvania and Maryland were founded to provide A: religious tolerance. B: a refuge for Catholics. C: a refuge for Quakers. D: aid to poor debtors.
- 87. Open EndedWhich of these is the most common characteristic of a political map? A: identification of cities, states, and countries B: presence of topography and boundaries C: labels for continents and oceans D: key for natural resources
- 88. Open EndedIn addition to founding the city of Quebec, Samuel de Champlain was the first European to A: explore the Great Lakes. B: sail up the St. Lawrence River. C: travel down the Mississippi River. D: claim Louisiana for the French.
- 89. Open EndedWhich option lists only pre-Columbian American Indian groups that lived in what is now Ohio? A: the Anasazi, the Hohokam, and the Mogollon B: the Adena, the Hopewell, and the Mississippian C: the Iroquois, the Anasazi, and the Hopewell D: the Hohokam, the Anasazi, and the Iroquois
- 90. Open EndedWhat did King James I give to the Virginia Company to start the colony of Virginia? A: a province B: a charter C: an assembly D: an alliance
- 91. Open EndedWhy did the Pilgrims and the Puritans establish colonies in the New World? A: to follow Separatist beliefs B: to benefit the Church of England C: to practice their religions freely D: to avoid an impending religious war
- 92. Open EndedThe first English settler to grow tobacco successfully in Virginia was A: Captain John Smith. B: Hernando de Soto. C: John Rolfe. D: Sir Walter Raleigh.
- 93. Open EndedThe first Thanksgiving celebrated A: the end of the Pequot War. B: the establishment of the first English colony. C: the return of Squanto from Europe. D: the ties between colonists and American Indians.
- 94. Open EndedThe Albany Plan of Union was meant to address A: a declining colonial economy. B: growing disagreements with Great Britain. C: threats to the colonies during the French and Indian War. D: threats from Spain during colonization.
- 95. Open EndedWhich of the following did the Treaty of Paris make possible? A: Spanish settlement throughout Florida B: French settlement in the Ohio River Valley C: American Indian settlement in the east D: British control over lands east of the Mississippi
- 96. Open EndedTensions that led to the French and Indian War were based on competition among A: the French and American Indian groups. B: European colonial powers. C: different English colonies. D: American Indian groups.
- 97. Open EndedThe forts in the Ohio River Valley that led to the start of the French and Indian War were built by which of the following? A: the Iroquois Confederacy B: France C: Spain D: the Ottawa people
- 98. Open EndedWhich of the following formally ended the French and Indian War? A: the Proclamation of 1763 B: the Battle of Fort Ticonderoga C: the Treaty of Paris D: the Battle of Quebec
- 99. Open EndedThe purpose of the Albany Plan of Union was to A: divide the American colonies. B: unite the American colonies. C: achieve independence from Great Britain. D: form an army to fight the French.
- 100. Open EndedUnder the Albany Plan of Union, which power would the union have been granted? A: the right to elect a president B: the right to form assemblies C: the right to impose taxes D: the right to declare war
- 101. Open EndedUltimately, the Albany Plan of Union was A: rejected by the colonies and the British. B: accepted by the colonies and put in place in 1755. C: accepted by the colonies but rejected by Parliament. D: rejected by the colonies but imposed by the British.
- 102. Open EndedHow did the British respond to the Albany Plan of Union? A: They opposed it because they worried that colonists would support the French. B: They supported it because they wanted colonial military help. C: They supported it because they wanted the colonies to be united. D: They opposed it because they did not want the colonies to be united.
- 103. Open EndedWhich of the following events occurred on Lexington Green on April 19, 1775? A: British troops captured all colonial rebels, including minutemen. B: British troops and minutemen fired their weapons at each other. C: Minutemen held a meeting to discuss how to respond to British troops. D: British troops and minutemen agreed to a truce after the first shot was fired.
- 104. Open EndedWhich event occurred in Concord during April of 1775? A: British troops retreated from the fierce fighting with minutemen. B: British troops captured all of the colonists' ammunition. C: Minutemen retreated from fierce fighting with British troops. D: Minutemen went into hiding after British troops arrived.
- 105. Open EndedWhich of the following best explains why the Stamp Act of 1765 was significant? A: It was the first direct tax imposed on American colonists. B: It was the first indirect tax imposed on American colonists. C: It was the last tax Parliament imposed before the Revolution. D: It was the last tax Parliament imposed before ending all taxes.
- 106. Open EndedWhich of the following best explains why Parliament repealed the Stamp Act in 1766? A: Parliament agreed with the colonists that the act was unfair. B: Colonial legislators were threatening to impose their own taxes. C: Colonists' boycotts of British goods were hurting British trade. D: The British passed the Declaratory Act, which replaced it with a heavier tax.
- 107. Open EndedThe colonial message that British troops were on their way to Concord on April 18, 1775, was delivered by A: Paul Revere. B: Samuel Prescott. C: William Dawes. D: Samuel Adams.
- 108. Open EndedWhich of the following statements best explains the significance of the Battle of Lexington? A: The Battle of Lexington ended the American Revolution. B: The Battle of Lexington was the first battle the minutemen won. C: The Battle of Lexington started the American Revolution. D: The Battle of Lexington was the last battle the minutemen won.
- 109. Open EndedWhy were the Intolerable Acts passed? A: to raise revenue for the British government B: to declare that Parliament could levy taxes C: to give Britain more control over the colonies D: to decrease tension between colonists and Britain
- 110. Open EndedAfter the Boston Massacre, the colonies organized A: the Townshend Acts to pay taxes to Britain. B: Committees of Correspondence to respond to growing disputes. C: the Boston Tea Party to celebrate the lifting of the tea tax. D: the Intolerable Acts to repay Britain for its role in the events of 1770.
- 111. Open EndedIn response to British control of Boston in 1775, colonists A: agreed with the Intolerable Acts. B: consented to British rule. C: negotiated with the king. D: formed armed militias.
- 112. Open EndedWhen colonists boycotted British goods under the Stamp Act, they A: stole products that were taxed. B: refused to participate in buying stamps. C: sold products that were taxed. D: refused to pass new tax laws.
- 113. Open EndedRead the excerpt below. The cause of America is in a great measure the cause of all mankind . . . The laying a Country desolate with Fire and Sword, declaring War against the natural rights of all Mankind . . . is the Concern of every Man to whom Nature hath given the Power of feeling. —Thomas Paine, Common Sense, 1776 Based on the excerpt, Paine argues that America should become independent because Britain intends to A: arrest Americans who don't pay taxes. B: keep America isolated. C: destroy America. D: take American property.
- 114. Open EndedThe Battle of Bunker Hill in 1775 showed A: whether the Americans would win the war. B: who the leader of the Continental army was. C: how Americans would fight against the British. D: how Americans would get supplies for the war.
- 115. Open EndedIn Common Sense, Paine suggested that American independence from Britain was A: inevitable. B: impossible. C: uncertain. D: illegal.
- 116. Open EndedRead the excerpt below. The cause of America is in a great measure the cause of all mankind . . . The laying a Country desolate with Fire and Sword, declaring War against the natural rights of all Mankind . . . is the Concern of every Man to whom Nature hath given the Power of feeling. —Thomas Paine, Common Sense, 1776 Based on the excerpt, what does Paine argue about the American desire for independence? A: It is universal. B: It only concerns Britain. C: It is different from other countries. D: It is overly complicated.
- 117. Open EndedThe Siege of Boston, which began in 1775, ended in 1776 when A: the Continental army left Boston. B: the British allowed supplies to enter Boston. C: the British were forced to leave Boston. D: the Olive Branch Petition was signed.
- 118. Open EndedWhich of the following events occurred after the Battle of Bunker Hill in 1775? A: George Washington became commander of the American army and began to organize it. B: George Washington resigned as president of the colonies so he could take over the army. C: George Washington attended the Second Continental Congress to declare war on Britain. D: George Washington launched a second attack on Bunker Hill and was able to win control of it.
- 119. Open EndedRead the excerpt below. In England a King hath little more to do than to make war and give away places; which, in plain terms, is to empoverish the nation. —Thomas Paine, Common Sense, 1776 Based on the excerpt, what does Paine suggest about the king's actions? A: His actions make Britain poorer. B: His actions make Britain look foolish. C: His actions force Americans to fight in wars. D: His actions take land from other nations.
- 120. Open EndedWhen it met in May of 1775, the Second Continental Congress focused on A: how to respond to the Prohibitory Act. B: whether to begin fighting against Britain. C: whether to declare independence from Britain. D: how to address grievances from colonists.
- 121. Open EndedAccording to Common Sense, Britain could not effectively rule the American colonies because A: there were big differences in religion. B: the colonies were too large and far away. C: the British navy could not protect them. D: Britain had too few resources.
- 122. Open EndedRead the excerpt below. But the most powerful of all arguments, is, that nothing but independence . . . can keep the peace of the continent and preserve it . . . from civil wars. —Thomas Paine, Common Sense, 1776 Based on the excerpt, what does Paine suggest about American independence? A: It will prevent Britain from getting into more wars. B: It will help Britain rule the European continent. C: It cannot win a civil war with the colonies. D: It is the only way to keep peace in the colonies.
- 123. Open EndedThe Mayflower Compact and the Declaration of Independence share which of the following ideas? A: All people need to pay taxes to the government. B: All people are equal under the law. C: All people should be free to worship as they choose. D: All people need to support the government, even if they disagree.
- 124. Open EndedAn Enlightenment idea that influenced the Declaration of Independence was that a social contract A: controls the way businesses make money. B: specifies how much people must pay in taxes. C: states the rights of rulers and citizens. D: determines which class of people will be powerful.
- 125. Open EndedParliament raised taxes on the American colonies in the 1760s because A: Britain was in debt from the French and Indian War. B: British merchants had lost many ships in American waters. C: Britain needed money to gain more colonies in Africa. D: Britain wanted to build a new capital in the colonies.
- 126. Open EndedIn 1774, the First Continental Congress suggested that colonists boycott British goods to protest A: the Stamp Act. B: elections in England. C: treatment of British representatives. D: the Intolerable Acts.
- 127. Open EndedThe English Bill of Rights influenced the Declaration of Independence and the US government by focusing on A: voting rights for men and women. B: freedom of religion. C: the right to a jury trial. D: electing a government.
- 128. Open EndedThe Declaration of Independence described the A: process for creating a new government. B: process for choosing a new leader. C: principles of a new colony. D: principles of a new government.
- 129. Open EndedWhen the Continental Congress first voted on the Declaration of Independence, it A: passed unanimously. B: received 9 of 12 possible votes. C: was rejected so Congress could change it. D: received just one vote from New York.
- 130. Open EndedWhy did the Second Continental Congress vote twice on the Declaration of Independence? A: It wanted a unanimous vote. B: It was required by Congress. C: It wanted to include other colonies. D: It wanted to make changes between votes.
- 131. Open EndedColonists were angered by the Stamp Act of 1765 because they A: did not have to pay the taxes. B: could not afford to mail letters. C: did not have representation in Parliament. D: were afraid of losing their property.
- 132. Open EndedWhich of the following ideas did the Declaration of Independence borrow from the Mayflower Compact? A: The government should be for the common good. B: The government should be open to both men and women. C: The government should hold elections every four years. D: The government should be run by people who are not paid.
- 133. Open EndedWhich navy kept General Cornwallis and his troops from escaping Yorktown? A: British B: Continental C: French D: Spanish
- 134. Open EndedWhich of the following best summarizes the development of France's relationship with the Continental army? A: France signed a formal alliance with the Continental army and provided aid but later withdrew it following losses. B: France provided aid from the beginning of the war and signed a formal alliance with the Continental army but did not think the colonists could win. C: France did not think the colonists could win, but after victories by the Continental army, France provided aid and signed a formal alliance. D: France provided aid to the Continental army from the beginning of the war but later withdrew the aid before signing a formal alliance.
- 135. Open EndedVictories in which of the following battles prompted foreign nations to support the Continental army? A: the battles of Harlem Heights and Fort Lee B: the battles of Harlem Heights and Trenton C: the battles of Princeton and Fort Lee D: the battles of Princeton and Trenton
- 136. Open EndedWhich of the following best describes the first major battle of the American Revolution? A: It occurred on Long Island, where the colonists defeated the British. B: It occurred on Long Island, where the British defeated the colonists. C: It occurred at Harlem Heights, where the colonists defeated the British. D: It occurred at Harlem Heights, where the British defeated the colonists.
- 137. Open EndedWhich of the following encouraged France to help ease the hardships endured by the Continental army? A: British defeats on Long Island and at Fort Lee B: British victories in the battles of Trenton and Saratoga C: colonial defeats on Long Island and at Fort Lee D: colonial victories in the battles of Trenton and Saratoga
- 138. Open EndedBritain reacted to the American Declaration of Independence by A: gathering its military forces in Boston. B: gathering its military forces in New York. C: setting up winter headquarters in New Jersey. D: granting the colonies independence.
- 139. Open EndedAs a result of the battles of Trenton and Princeton during the American Revolution, A: the morale of the Continental army suffered. B: more soldiers enlisted in the Continental army. C: France helped supply the British army. D: Britain cut off New England from the other colonies.
- 140. Open EndedSpain helped the Colonial army during the American Revolution by A: building ships for American use. B: keeping the British navy occupied. C: forcing General Cornwallis to surrender. D: trapping the British on a peninsula at Yorktown.
- 141. Open EndedWhich battle that took place during the American Revolution briefly boosted colonial morale? A: the Battle of Valley Forge B: the Battle of Long Island C: the Battle of Saratoga D: the Battle of Trenton
- 142. Open EndedAt the beginning of the American Revolution, General Washington would have been likely to support A: longer enlistments for colonial troops. B: shorter enlistments for British troops. C: longer enlistments for British troops. D: shorter enlistments for colonial troops.
- 143. Open EndedWhy does the First Amendment place limits on freedom of speech in the United States? A: to protect people and the country B: to give the government authority C: to punish people who act violently D: to keep people from wearing certain clothing
- 144. Open EndedThe Anti-Federalists' main objection to ratifying the Constitution was that it A: had no bill of rights. B: had no provision for a militia. C: did not divide the central government. D: did not have a judiciary.
- 145. Open EndedTo protect individual rights, the Anti-Federalists wanted to A: add a bill of rights to the Constitution. B: ratify the Constitution. C: rewrite the Constitution. D: remove amendments to the Constitution.
- 146. Open EndedThe First Amendment to the US Constitution mainly guarantees rights for A: all citizens. B: people accused of crimes. C: people guilty of crimes. D: state governments.
- 147. Open EndedAccording to the Fifth Amendment, people who are accused of a crime A: cannot be tried twice for the same crime. B: cannot be arrested for two different crimes. C: cannot be forced to have two trials. D: cannot be forced to follow rules for a trial.
- 148. Open EndedUnder the Eighth Amendment, a person charged with a crime A: has the option of hiring a lawyer. B: has to pay $20 to a jury. C: does not have to pay excessive bail. D: does not have to testify in court.
- 149. Open EndedUnder the Sixth Amendment, people have the right to A: continue to bear arms until convicted. B: be tried twice for the same crime. C: protest unreasonable search and seizure. D: be represented by a lawyer in court.
- 150. Open EndedWhat was the Federalists' argument for not adding a separate bill of rights to the Constitution? A: It might be used later to limit rights that weren't originally listed. B: It was unnecessary because everyone had been granted basic freedoms. C: It was unnecessary because the new government had limited power. D: It might be used later to free enslaved people in the west.
- 151. Open EndedThe Fifth Amendment protects people from having to A: testify against themselves in court. B: allow their property to be searched. C: accept a court-appointed lawyer. D: answer questions posed by police.
- 152. Open EndedAccording to the Seventh Amendment, people who sue companies for not paying them are guaranteed A: payment for their work. B: representation by lawyers. C: trials by jury. D: double jeopardy.
- 153. Open EndedDuring the Constitutional Convention, disagreement over how to count enslaved people was settled by the A: Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise. B: Great Compromise. C: Southern Compromise. D: Three-Fifths Compromise.
- 154. Open EndedAfter Parliament passed the Stamp Act, Samuel Adams A: collected the taxes imposed by the Stamp Act. B: tried to stop the Stamp Act Riots. C: wrote the Declaration of Independence. D: led a revolt against the Stamp Act.
- 155. Open EndedThe Marquis de Lafayette helped George Washington during the American Revolution by A: sending supplies to Valley Forge. B: volunteering to join the British army as a spy. C: refusing to participate in the siege of Yorktown. D: convincing France to send 6,000 soldiers.
- 156. Open EndedThe main reason that some of the colonies opposed the Albany Plan of Union was that A: it made no provision for solving colonial land disputes. B: they did not want the responsibility of defending themselves. C: the plan made them completely independent from Britain. D: they feared losing power and authority to a central government.
- 157. Open EndedWhich of the following is the best example of popular sovereignty as referred to in the Constitution? A: having checks and balances B: voting for representatives C: having a three-branch government D: serving on a jury
- 158. Open EndedWhy was the Battle of Bunker Hill in 1775 considered a victory for the Continental army? A: The Continental army maintained its control of Bunker Hill. B: The British army sustained heavy casualties. C: The Continental army forced British soldiers to retreat to Boston. D: The British army was forced to use most of its ammunition.
- 159. Open EndedWhich of the following statements best describes the Anti-Federalist view of the Constitution? A: The Constitution did not give the military enough power. B: The Constitution set up a monarchy similar to Britain's. C: The Constitution gave most of the government's authority to states. D: The Constitution gave too much power to a central government.
- 160. Open EndedThe Stamp Act of 1765 was named for A: a tax related to mailing and postage stamps. B: a desire to "stamp" out a tax and end it. C: the act of handing in stamps bought in advance. D: stamps that taxed all papers, pamphlets, and cards.
- 161. Open EndedAfter reviewing the original draft, the committee charged with writing the Declaration of Independence A: rewrote it. B: changed it. C: presented it to Congress. D: sent it to each colony.
- 162. Open EndedWhich of the following did Thomas Paine describe in Common Sense? A: a way for the Continental army to win the war B: a way for the king to govern the colonies fairly C: a way for the colonies to form a government D: a way for colonial merchants to make more money
- 163. Open EndedWhich constitutional principle prohibits an individual state from declaring war? A: limited government B: federalism C: balances D: popular sovereignty
- 164. Open EndedDuring the French and Indian War, most American Indian groups A: refused to take sides. B: allied with the French. C: allied with the British. D: fought the French and British.
- 165. Open EndedWhich of the following groups had closer ties with the British than the French in the mid-1700s? A: the Huron B: the Ottawa C: the Iroquois Confederacy D: the Algonquin
- 166. Open EndedBecause of the proposed Albany Plan of Union, colonists A: joined the fight against the British in the French and Indian War. B: began thinking of the colonies as separate from Britain. C: began to resent having to serve in the British military. D: gained a greater appreciation for British colonial control.
- 167. Open EndedWhat was a result of the battles of Trenton and Princeton during the American Revolution? A: an increase in supporter morale B: France's entry into the war on the British side C: France's entry into the war on the colonial side D: a decrease in support for the colonial cause
- 168. Open EndedIn the 1800s, most states had laws that prevented women from A: working in a factory. B: going to college. C: serving on a jury. D: earning money.
- 169. Open EndedWhat contributed to the unpopularity of President John Quincy Adams? A: his acquisition of Texas from Mexico B: his disregard for treaties with American Indians C: his failure to increase trade with the West Indies D: his disinterest in raising tariffs on imports
- 170. Open EndedWhich of the following set Andrew Jackson apart from John Quincy Adams? A: Jackson was educated in the best schools. B: Jackson hailed from the Northeast. C: Jackson was part of the "eastern aristocracy." D: Jackson had a more limited education.
- 171. Open EndedOne of the reasons Henry Clay believed that a national bank was needed was to A: levy an import tax. B: improve urban markets. C: connect the nation's regions. D: stabilize prices.
- 172. Open EndedWhat was most significant about Robert Fulton's steamboat run of 1807? A: It implied that steam engines would never replace sails. B: It was the first working steamboat to receive a patent. C: It demonstrated the ability to travel to the Northwest Territory. D: It showed that his new engine improved steamboat travel.
- 173. Open EndedAndrew Jackson became the first US president to A: refuse to take advantage of the spoils system. B: veto laws that he did not personally like. C: court the influence of wealthy easterners. D: create limits on the power of the presidency.
- 174. Open EndedIn the 1700s, Anthony Benezet was a Quaker who A: organized the Pennsylvania Abolitionist Society. B: brought the first enslaved workers to Pennsylvania. C: helped enslaved people escape to freedom in the North. D: ran auctions where enslaved people were purchased.
- 175. Open EndedAndrew Jackson and his supporters responded to the "Corrupt Bargain" of 1824 by A: quitting the Federalist Party. B: forming the Federalist Party. C: quitting the Democratic Party. D: forming the Democratic Party.
- 176. Open EndedWhich of the following happened during the Second Great Awakening? A: New universities were founded to educate Protestant ministers. B: Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield preached lively sermons. C: The African Methodist Episcopal Church was founded. D: Divisions among members led to the creation of new churches.
- 177. Open EndedWhich of the following describes a reform of the 1820s that made voting easier? A: The number of polling places increased. B: The secret ballot was established. C: Public conventions were no longer held. D: Polling places shortened their hours.
- 178. Open EndedHow was Cyrus McCormick's 1834 invention used? A: to clean cotton B: to power engines C: to harvest crops D: to till the soil
- 179. Open EndedHow did abolitionists want to change American society in the early 1800s? A: They wanted to stop people from drinking alcohol to excess. B: They wanted everyone to have access to free public education. C: They wanted to improve hospital conditions for people with mental illnesses. D: They wanted to end the practice of slavery and free enslaved workers.
- 180. Open EndedAfter the development of a steam-powered locomotive in the mid-1800s, A: the laying of new rail lines grew quickly. B: national road construction came to a halt. C: steamship travel sharply declined in popularity. D: travel by steamboat was concentrated in canals.
- 181. Open EndedRead a quotation by New York Senator William Marcy. [T]o the victor belong the spoils of the enemy. Based on this quotation, William Marcy could best be described as a Jackson A: critic. B: rival. C: opponent. D: supporter.
- 182. Open EndedEnslaved people who lived and worked in cities A: were not treated as well as plantation workers. B: cared for livestock and repaired buildings. C: sometimes worked in skilled trades. D: could not be bought or sold easily.
- 183. Open EndedWhich of the following best describes Sam Houston? A: Houston thought Texas should stay independent. B: Houston believed Texas should re-join Mexico. C: Houston was the first president of the Republic of Texas. D: Houston brought American settlers to Texas in the 1820s.
- 184. Open EndedWho was the driving force behind the US Indian removal policy? A: Daniel Boone B: William Henry Harrison C: Andrew Jackson D: Thomas Jefferson
- 185. Open EndedAs a result of Manifest Destiny, westward expansion in the mid-1800s A: increased dramatically. B: slowed significantly. C: neither increased nor decreased. D: first decreased, then increased.
- 186. Open EndedWhat happened in the first few years after Mexico won its independence in 1821? A: Americans were not allowed to settle in Texas. B: Mexico allowed Americans to settle in Texas. C: Spain prohibited slavery in all of its territories. D: Mexico gave Texas to the United States.
- 187. Open EndedWhich of the following was a positive effect of westward expansion for American Indians? A: new trade and economic opportunities B: greater representation in government C: wider markets for their manufactured goods D: less dependence on traditional food sources
- 188. Open EndedWhich territory's request to become a state sparked a battle over slavery in 1819? A: Louisiana B: Mississippi C: Missouri D: Texas
- 189. Open EndedWhich of the following is Eli Whitney known for? A: establishing the textile industry B: inventing the cotton gin C: creating the first corporation D: working to abolish slavery
- 190. Open EndedWhich political party formed during the 1848 election in opposition to the spread of slavery? A: the Whig Party B: the Free Soil Party C: the Democratic Party D: the Republican Party
- 191. Open EndedIn May 1856, a proslavery mob attacked the town of A: Harpers Ferry. B: Lawrence. C: Topeka. D: Pottawatomie Creek.
- 192. Open EndedIn the mid-1800s, which hardships did pioneers encounter on the trails to the West? Check all that apply. B: harsh weather C: threat of disease D: attacks by Spanish soldiers E: rugged landscape F: government roadblocks G: lack of food and water
- 193. Open EndedIn the early and mid-1800s, the majority of the Southern economy depended on A: unskilled labor supplied by immigrants. B: goods manufactured by skilled craftsmen. C: advances in manufacturing technology. D: labor provided by enslaved workers.
- 194. Open EndedHow was the issue over California's admission to the Union resolved? A: President Millard Fillmore, who opposed compromise, died. B: President Zachary Taylor, who opposed compromise, died. C: Senator William Seward of the North changed his position. D: Senator John C. Calhoun of the South changed his position.
- 195. Open EndedThe territories that the United States gained from Mexico were A: supposed to be slave states due to the Missouri Compromise. B: all north of the 36º 30' line drawn by the Missouri Compromise. C: acquired after the Missouri Compromise, which did not include those territories. D: supposed to be free states due to the Missouri Compromise.
- 196. Open EndedIn the late 1700s, the American West began A: beyond the Appalachian Mountains. B: along the Mississippi River. C: beyond the Rocky Mountains. D: along the Pacific coast.
- 197. Open EndedIn the late 1700s, as a result of mass production in the United States, A: factory workers became more highly skilled. B: increased income enabled factories to pay higher wages. C: goods became less expensive to manufacture and buy. D: Britain began to use water-powered machines in factories.
- 198. Open EndedAs the Civil War progressed, women in both the North and the South A: took over men's jobs and supported the war effort. B: continued with life as it had been before the war. C: openly enlisted in Union and Confederate armies. D: staged protests and rallies against the war effort.
- 199. Open EndedWhat was one effect of the Supreme Court's ruling in the Scott v. Sandford case? A: It strengthened the legal protections for slavery. B: It weakened the legal protections for slavery. C: It weakened the abolitionist movement. D: It strengthened the Missouri Compromise.
- 200. Open EndedDuring Reconstruction in the South, most white Southerners A: welcomed legislation supporting freed African Americans. B: worked closely with African Americans to rebuild the South. C: resented the destruction of the Southern economy. D: joined the Ku Klux Klan, especially those who lived in cities.
- 201. Open EndedWhich of the following best describes Dred Scott? A: Scott was an enslaved person who sued for his freedom. B: Scott was an abolitionist who escaped slavery as a boy. C: Scott was an abolitionist who attacked proslavery settlers. D: Scott was a slave owner who was sued by an enslaved worker.
- 202. Open EndedA major result of the Civil War was that it A: reinvented the Northern economy. B: preserved the Union. C: enhanced trade with Europe. D: divided the country.
- 203. Open EndedThe 1871 Civil Rights Act gave the US president the power to A: violate property rights. B: suspend habeas corpus. C: grant voting rights. D: serve for a second term.
- 204. Open EndedWho became president after the 1876 presidential election? A: Ulysses S. Grant B: Rutherford B. Hayes C: Horatio Seymour D: Samuel J. Tilden
- 205. Open EndedWhich two political parties did Abraham Lincoln join? A: the Know-Nothings and Democrats B: the Know-Nothings and Republicans C: the Whigs and Democrats D: the Whigs and Republicans
- 206. Open EndedWho created the Freedmen's Bureau in the 1860s? A: Congress B: the president C: the Supreme Court D: Southern states
- 207. Open EndedThe outcome of the Second Battle of Bull Run A: marked the unofficial end of the Civil War. B: placed the Confederate capital in danger. C: allowed the Union to recruit African Americans. D: placed the capital city Washington, DC, in danger.
- 208. Open EndedAs the Civil War progressed, women in both the North and the South A: took over men's jobs and supported the war effort. B: continued with life as it had been before the war. C: openly enlisted in Union and Confederate armies. D: staged protests and rallies against the war effort.
- 209. Open EndedIn the Scott v. Sandford case, Sandford's argument was based on A: the Missouri Compromise. B: the Fugitive Slave Act. C: the Kansas-Nebraska Act. D: the Fifth Amendment.
- 210. Open EndedWhich battle resulted in both a Confederate victory and the death of General Stonewall Jackson? A: the Second Battle of Bull Run B: the Battle of Antietam C: the Battle of Chancellorsville D: the First Battle of Bull Run
- 211. Open EndedThe Republicans selected Abraham Lincoln as their presidential candidate even though A: he had no significant political background. B: he had supported the Kansas-Nebraska Act. C: he had favored the extension of slavery into the West. D: he did not plan to end slavery where it already existed.
- 212. Open EndedUnder the system of sharecropping during Reconstruction, contracts often favored A: landowners. B: laborers. C: freedmen. D: the government.
- 213. Open EndedAccording to the Supreme Court's ruling on the Scott v. Sandford case, Congress could not ban slavery in A: free states. B: slave states. C: free territories. D: free republics.
- 214. Open EndedCompared with "new" immigrants in the 1800s who tended to be Catholic or Jewish, most "old" immigrants were primarily A: Catholic. B: Jewish. C: Protestant. D: Quaker.
- 215. Open EndedCulture can be defined as A: a distinct group that lives or works together within a larger community. B: the belief that certain groups are inferior to other groups. C: the act of keeping someone or something out or separate. D: the shared beliefs, values, and way of life of a group.
- 216. Open EndedThe Second Industrial Revolution in the United States lasted from the A: end of the American Revolution to 1800. B: end of the Civil War to 1800. C: end of the Civil War to 1900. D: end of the American Revolution to 1865.
- 217. Open EndedWhich of the following is an example of a service industry job in an urban center? A: a farmer B: a bank clerk C: a factory worker D a railroad worker
- 218. Open EndedA process that directly describes the growth of cities is A: segregation. B: urbanization. C: industrialization. D: commercialization.
- 219. Open EndedWhat impact did the expansion of railroads in the West have on the American Indians who lived there? A: They were displaced from their tribal lands. B: They moved into towns and lived among the new settlers. C: They stopped farming and took jobs in factories. D: They were forced to move to Mexico.
- 220. Open EndedWhich of the following groups protected the livelihood of craftspeople in the 1800s? A: scabs B: guilds C: trade unions D: labor unions
- 221. Open EndedHow did the growth of the railroads affect supply and demand for natural resources in the United States? A: The growth of the railroads decreased the supply of natural resources. B: The growth of the railroads decreased the demand for natural resources. C: The growth of the railroads increased the demand for natural resources. D: The growth of the railroads had no effect on the supply of natural resources.
- 222. Open EndedMany tenement apartments in the early 1900s had A: few windows and poor ventilation. B: garbage collection and sewer systems. C: indoor plumbing and hot water. D: safety features and fire protection.
- 223. Open EndedIn the early 1800s, Chinese immigrants established the first Chinatowns in cities A: along the western coast of the US. B: along the eastern coast of the US. C: in the midwestern US. D: in the southern US.
- 224. Open EndedHow did Carnegie's purchase of Allegheny Steel contribute to the formation of his monopoly? A: The purchase enabled Carnegie to discover a more efficient production method. B: The purchase enabled Carnegie to control most of the rail lines. C: The purchase gave Carnegie control of coke production. D: The purchase gave Carnegie new access to the raw materials he needed.
- 225. Open EndedDuring which decade did transcontinental rail service begin in the United States? A: 1850-1860 B: 1860-1870 C: 1870-1880 D: 1880-1890
- 226. Open EndedThe Pullman strike ended with A: the appointment of Eugene V. Debs as company president. B: record profits for the Pullman Company and its shareholders. C: the company rehiring workers who withdrew from other unions. D: a new union that received the Pullman Company's support.
- 227. Open EndedHow did the Bessemer process contribute to the development of Carnegie's monopoly? A: It allowed Carnegie to produce higher quality steel more quickly, which increased demand. B: It made transportation of steel faster and more efficient, lowering Carnegie's costs. C: It allowed Carnegie to cut his cost of labor, increasing his profits. D: It allowed Carnegie to replace coal as a fuel supply, cutting his costs.
- 228. Open EndedWhich US group was one of the first to go on strike because of wage cuts? A: the American Federation of Labor B: the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen C: the American Railway Union D: the Lowell Mill girls
- 229. Open EndedDuring the early days of their establishment, New Netherland and Pennsylvania both A: had good relations with American Indians. B: had poor relations with American Indians. C: restricted the freedom of religion. D: split into separate English colonies.
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