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- 1. Open EndedOvercrowded institutions, filled with inmate gangs, violence, and racial conflicts, require that the focus be on security and institutional survival
- 2. Open EndedConjugal visits usually mean that prisoners enjoy 24 or 48 hours of privacy with their families
- 3. Open EndedThe prison is an extremely favorable setting for correctional treatment when done correctly
- 4. Open EndedPrisoners have always had access to higher education opportunities, including Pell grants
- 5. Open EndedVisiting arrangements tend to fall into the following categories: (a) closed visits, (b) limited-contact visits, (c) informal-contact visits, (d) freedom of grounds, and (e) conjugal or family visits
- 6. Open EndedCommon types of therapy used in prisons are insight-based therapy, behavior therapy, and electro-shock therapy
- 7. Open EndedResearch studies have found that educational program participation is not related to reduced rates of recidivism
- 8. Open EndedThere has been an increase in funding to recreational services in prisons as a result of the recent "no-frills" prison policies
- 9. Open EndedPrison crowding makes it difficult to provide an adequate assessment program concerning the treatment needs of inmates
- 10. Open EndedThe Ashurst-Sumners Act makes transportation of prison-made goods in interstate commerce a federal crime
- 11. Open EndedSelf-help programs are run by licensed counselors
- 12. Open EndedThe basic purpose of vocational training is to keep offenders busy while incarcerated
- 13. Open EndedInmates express a much greater interest in dealing with their substance abuse and anger management problems than their mental health problems
- 14. Open EndedThe "no-frills" institutional emphasis found in many states cuts back on programming and treatment, as much as constitutionally is permitted
- 15. Open EndedThe most widely adopted cognitive-behavioral intervention is the cognitive thinking skills program
- 16. Open EndedReligious instruction and services are not always provided in federal, state, and private prisons
- 17. Open EndedTreatment has been a part of the correctional experience since the 17th century
- 18. Open EndedThe assumption that desirable behaviors that are rewarded immediately and systematically will increase, and that undesirable behaviors that are not rewarded or are punished will diminish or be extinguished, is known as
- 19. Open EndedThe purpose of reality therapy is to
- 20. Open EndedCognitive-behavior therapy uses
- 21. Open EndedA visit lasting one or two days during which prisoners can enjoy private visitation with their families is called a
- 22. Open EndedThe system that provides staff with access to critical inmate information such as assignments, program completions, and inmate movement is known as
- 23. Open EndedEffective types of treatment programs in prison accomplish which of the following
- 24. Open EndedMartinson and colleagues' research about "nothing works" was most linked to which correctional philosophy
- 25. Fill in the BlankThe __________________passed on January 19, 1929, mandated that prison-made goods and merchandise transported from one state to another were subject to the existing laws of the importing state
- 26. Open EndedA technique in which rewards or punishments are used to alter or change a person's behavior is
- 27. Open EndedTypes of visitation in prisons include which of the following
- 28. Open EndedThe principle that maintains that programs should consider offenders' situations as well as characteristics that may become barriers to success in a correctional program is known as the
- 29. Open EndedResearch shows that when drug programs are well integrated and implanted carefully, they can accomplish all of the following outcomes, except
- 30. Open EndedPrograms designed to help inmates manage their anger, especially in interpersonal relations, are known as
- 31. Open EndedSelf-help programs are primarily lead by
- 32. Open EndedFailure to abide by the conditions set up in treatment programs may result in which of the following
- 33. Open EndedThe basic purpose for vocational training is to
- 34. Open EndedInmates who attain sufficient reading and writing skills for functional literacy may increase the possibility of
- 35. Open EndedAn assessment used to record staff assessments of prisoners' problems, as well as the magnitude of these problems, is known as a(an)
- 36. Open EndedParticipation in vocational programs is seen as a means for reducing recidivism based on the premise that vocational skills teach all of the following, except
- 37. Open EndedA needs assessment is designed to
- 38. Open EndedThe treatment goal of psychotherapy is to
- 39. Open EndedA community treatment group designed to divert drug users from the criminal justice system is known as
- 40. Open EndedWhich of the following is NOT a constitutionally mandated services provided to inmates
- 41. Open EndedAn assessment tool used to assign inmates to high, medium, and low-risk caseloads is referred to as a(an)
- 42. Open EndedWhat are the limitations of insight-based therapies in a prison context
- 43. Open EndedAll of the following are considered to be types of insight-based therapy, except
- 44. Fill in the BlankIn 1935, the __________________ Act made the transportation of prison-made goods in interstate commerce a federal crime
- 45. Open EndedCommon medical conditions in prisons include all of the following, except
- 46. Open EndedAny means to correct an offender's character, habits, attitudes, or behaviors to overcome his or her propensity to commit crime is known as
- 47. Open EndedPrograms from which inmates seek improvement, such as anger management, or that express ethnic or cultural goals are called
- 48. Open EndedA growing portion of the correctional population consists of parolees who failed on the outside
- 49. Open EndedParole boards are not permitted to meet with the offenders during a final grant hearing
- 50. Open EndedThe "get-tough" movement of the 1980s increased the statutory restrictions placed on parolees
- 51. Open EndedToday, five state agencies account for nearly half of the adults under parole supervision: California, Illinois, Georgia, Virginia, and Pennsylvania
- 52. Open EndedA major flaw of the Second Chance Act is that it fails to provide funding to study such topics as smart probation projects, treatment of returning adults and juveniles with co-occurring substance abuse, and mental health disorders, as is done in other countries
- 53. Open EndedAll 50 states restrict felons' right to vote
- 54. Open EndedThe majority of offenders released on parole do not return to prison
- 55. Open EndedParolees may be subjected to random searches by parole officers
- 56. Open EndedRevocation procedures officially begin when a parole officer requests a warrant based on an alleged violation of parole
- 57. Open EndedAll states now mandate that parole officers carry, and use if necessary, firearms
- 58. Open EndedA parolee does not have the opportunity to speak on his own behalf during revocation proceedings
- 59. Open EndedMandatory parole decisions are made at a parole grant hearing
- 60. Open EndedParole officers tend to be younger and less experienced in the criminal justice system than probation officers
- 61. Open EndedAlthough most parolees are arrested soon after release, the trend has been to not send them back to prison
- 62. Open EndedResearch shows that offenders who fail upon reentry into the community do so long after they are released from prison
- 63. Open EndedParole is generally viewed as a privilege granted to deserving inmates on the basis of their good behavior while on probation
- 64. Open EndedInmates who maintain their innocence may find that denying responsibility for their crimes places their release date in jeopardy
- 65. Open EndedA major issue facing states today is that courts have begun to make major settlements against those who have been wrongly convicted
- 66. Open EndedRestrictions placed on former felons that reduce the rights and privileges of those convicted of crimes are referred to as
- 67. Open EndedFormal risk prediction instruments are commonly referred to as
- 68. Open EndedWhen determining possible parole, the parole board looks at all of the following except
- 69. Open EndedThe offenders most likely to fail on parole are
- 70. Open EndedWhat level of proof is required in order to hold a parolee in custody prior to a revocation hearing
- 71. Open EndedConditions of parole typically consist of all of the following except
- 72. Open EndedMost inmates leave prison before the completion of their sentence and are placed
- 73. Open EndedThe Second Chance Act does which of the following
- 74. Open EndedIn Maconochie's system of graduated release, which of the following was the final stage
- 75. Open EndedDiscretionary parole is decided by
- 76. Open EndedThe salient factor score used by parole boards to predict the risk of recidivism is based on all of the following except
- 77. Open EndedAll of the following individuals are able to issue a warrant once there is an alleged violation of parole except for
- 78. Open EndedThe salient factor score places inmates in the risk categories of
- 79. Open EndedWhat type of laws creates civil disabilities for parolees when they return to the community
- 80. Open EndedA parolee who violates the conditions of parole, and who has not committed a new crime, is returned to prison on what type of violation
- 81. Open EndedThe parole board's authority to grant or deny parole is based on which of the following
- 82. Open EndedParole officers are able to do which of the following
- 83. Open EndedThe duties of the parole board include which of the following
- 84. Open EndedWhich of the following is true regarding the number of people on parole
- 85. Open EndedThe most at-risk parolees are placed
- 86. Open EndedThe majority of parolees were sentenced for
- 87. Open EndedResearch shows that it is difficult for parolees to succeed once released from prison for which of the following reasons
- 88. Open EndedWhen an inmate is released when the unserved portion of the maximum prison term equals his or her earned good time, this is known as
- 89. Open EndedIn the Supreme Court case of Morrissey v. Brewer, the court determined
- 90. Open EndedAn official panel that determines whether an inmate serving an indeterminate sentence is ready for parole is known as
- 91. Open EndedTechnology used to aid supervision by parole agencies include except
- 92. Open EndedParole is based on which of the following principles
- 93. Open EndedIn 1854, Sir Walter Crofton, a retired navy officer, was sent to introduce the progressive state system at the prison at Mountjoy, near Dublin. The complete program became known as the
- 94. Open EndedIn two-thirds of U.S. states, parole field services are administered by
- 95. Open EndedA formal procedure that takes place when a parole board decides that the parole must end because the offender committed a new crime or violated the conditions of parole is a
- 96. Open EndedParole is characterized by which of the following
- 97. Open EndedThe Fourth Amendment bars excessive fines and cruel and unusual punishment
- 98. Open EndedJailhouse lawyers cannot be interfered with or harassed by prison administrators for helping other inmates by drawing up and filing complaints
- 99. Open EndedThe humanistic view on inmate rights is that prisons are places of punishment, but they should not be punishing
- 100. Open EndedFreedom of religion is a fundamental right guaranteed by the 4th Amendment
- 101. Open EndedSearches conducted by prison officials are not unreasonable as long as they are not for the purpose of harassing or humiliating the inmate in a cruel and unusual manner
- 102. Open EndedCurrently, only federal prisons use the position of ombudsman, while states have found no correlation between the position and inmate grievance success
- 103. Open EndedThe Prison Litigation Reform Act has made it easier for prisoners to allege violations of their constitutional rights
- 104. Open EndedEach state legislature enacts laws that govern the acts of the state and the individuals within that jurisdiction
- 105. Open EndedThe Latin expression meaning "you have the body," is habeas corpus
- 106. Open EndedPrisoners have a right to assemble without restriction
- 107. Open EndedCivil rights are guaranteed and protected by the government
- 108. Open EndedThe U.S. Constitution tends to be written in more specific terms than are statutes
- 109. Open EndedThe Supreme Court has mandated that all inmates receive proper medical care
- 110. Open EndedPrisoners have made the greatest gains in the right to send and receive letters and the right to communicate with lawyers and the courts
- 111. Open EndedThe Fourteenth Amendment
- 112. Open EndedHabeas corpus has been called
- 113. Fill in the BlankThe Supreme Court ruled in _________________ that uncomfortable conditions are not unconstitutional but are part of the penalty that inmates pay for committing crimes
- 114. Open EndedA name given to inmates who develop an expertise in criminal law and help other inmates prepare their legal cases are known as
- 115. Open EndedWhich Supreme Court ruling states that as long as force is used in a good faith effort to maintain control, there is no liability
- 116. Open EndedA right such as the right to life, liberty, or property that is held to exist for its own sake and to constitute part of the legal order of society is known as
- 117. Open EndedA formalized arrangement in which inmates can register their complaints about the conditions of their confinement is known as a
- 118. Open EndedRights that have been guaranteed and protected by the government are known as
- 119. Open EndedThe justification of the courts for their neglect of hearing cases regarding prison conditions prior to the 1960s is commonly referred to as
- 120. Open EndedThe amendment that limits admissibility of confessions that have been obtained unfairly is
- 121. Open EndedThe Supreme Court ruled in the Procurier v. Martinez that censorship of prison mail was a violation of
- 122. Open EndedThe principle source of prisoners' rights is based on
- 123. Open EndedInmates placed in solitary confinement or administrative segregation have the right to all of the following, except
- 124. Open EndedSearches conducted by prison officials
- 125. Open EndedThe First Amendment protects
- 126. Open EndedPrisoners have sued to establish rights to
- 127. Open EndedThe Supreme Court has ruled that the right to practice religion
- 128. Open EndedInmates are entitled to due process of the law, even in lock up, is an example of which view regarding prisoners' rights
- 129. Open EndedA person who protects citizens against governmental abuses is known as a
- 130. Open EndedSolitary confinement or administrative segregation is necessary to accomplish which of the following
- 131. Open EndedWhen a precedent establishes an important principle, it is known as a(an)
- 132. Open EndedWhich Supreme Court case determined that unannounced cell searches were necessary for the security and order of a jail/prison
- 133. Open EndedFreedom of religion is a fundamental right guaranteed by the
- 134. Open EndedThe view that suggests that if inmates are given the same rights and privileges as any citizen, their anger and resentment toward society will diminish, thereby aiding the rehabilitation process, is
- 135. Open EndedThe view that the fewer rights inmates have, the greater is the deterrent effect of punishment is
- 136. Open EndedThe amendment that bars excessive bail or excessive fines imposed, as well as cruel and unusual punishment, is
- 137. Open EndedThe Fourth Amendment
- 138. Open EndedThe act that limits the ability of inmates to complain about the conditions of confinement and to allege violations of their constitutional rights is known as the
- 139. Open EndedThe body of the Constitution, especially its first 10 amendments is the main source of which type of law
- 140. Open EndedThe amendment that guarantees a defendant the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial trial is
- 141. Open EndedDeadly force is permissible to prevent
- 142. Open EndedThe body of judicial precedent that is built on legal reasoning and previous interpretations of statutory laws is known as
- 143. Open EndedA claim by an individual or group of individuals that the state has a duty to fulfill is known as a(an)
- 144. Open EndedFor most of our history, prisoners have been considered slaves of state corrections that is prisoners lose all of their rights when sentenced to prison. The Supreme Court rendered this decision in which infamous case
- 145. Open EndedViews on inmates' rights include which of the following
- 146. Open EndedAll dangerous sex offenders always receive civil commitments after they serve their prison sentence
- 147. Open EndedNearly 25 percent of both state prisoners and jail inmates with mental problems also report past physical or sexual abuse
- 148. Open EndedIn addition to Guantánamo, many convicted terrorists are now being housed in federal maximum-security prisons and are part of the general prison population
- 149. Open EndedMany studies have shown the recidivism rate of sex offenders to be relatively low, especially when compared to the recidivism rates of other types of offenders
- 150. Open EndedThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is attempting to promote prevention programs for HIV- and AIDS-infected inmates
- 151. Open EndedBased on a recent Supreme Court decision in Bell v. Faulstick, all prisons must now test all inmates for HIV at the time of admission
- 152. Open EndedIllegal immigrants tend to have very low crime rates when compared to native-born American citizens
- 153. Open EndedMost state Medicaid programs cover very few childless adults, a population that makes up the bulk of the prison population
- 154. Open EndedMany substance-involved inmates report that they were not under the influence of drugs and alcohol at the time of their offense
- 155. Open EndedBy some estimates, by the year 2030, one-third of the U.S. prison population will be geriatric
- 156. Open EndedWhile the number of inmates with mental health problems is significant, treatment has been less than adequate, and services for mentally ill inmates have been highly criticized
- 157. Open EndedIn many U.S. prisons, unless pedophiles are placed in protective custody, they are likely to be sexually assaulted or even killed
- 158. Open EndedAt present, family detention centers are unable to provide schooling or recreational activities for children of illegal immigrants
- 159. Open EndedOnly about 10 percent of all state and federal prisons now offer some form of substance abuse counseling inside their respective facilities
- 160. Open EndedIn state prisons, female inmates tend to have lower rates of mental health problems than do male inmates
- 161. Open EndedIllegal immigrants who commit crimes are typically required to serve their prison sentence before being deported
- 162. Open EndedIt is rare for federal inmates with past terrorist ties to plot violence following release
- 163. Open EndedSpecial interest inmates include a wide variety of people with particular physical or mental conditions that require unique treatment and/or segregation from the general population of inmates
- 164. Open EndedChronic mental health inmates have a low recidivism rate upon release
- 165. Open EndedSubstance-involved inmates are less likely to recidivate if they receive treatment behind prison walls
- 166. Open EndedOne of the most controversial issues surrounding the treatment of suspected terrorists is the use of torture to gain information
- 167. Open EndedThe federal agency that has jurisdiction over immigrant detention is the Immigration Bureau of Enforcement and Detention (IBED)
- 168. Open EndedThe rate of HIV/AIDS among state and federal prison inmates is rapidly increasing
- 169. Open EndedOffenders who enter and complete in-prison residential drug treatment are still highly likely to experience new arrests and substance abuse use during the first six months following release
- 170. Open EndedHIV inmates are now integrated with the general population in all state prison systems
- 171. Open EndedInmates 50 years of age or older are more likely to have health and mental health problems than are noninstitutionalized Americans because they often come from poor backgrounds, have a greater likelihood of drug and alcohol abuse, and have restricted access to health care
- 172. Open EndedMost people are released from prison, and therefore, relatively few elderly inmates exist in the prison system
- 173. Fill in the BlankIn 1999, ____________________ became fully functional, creating one of the most important laws in protecting potential victims from sexual predators
- 174. Open EndedThe most common type of treatment for mental health problems in correctional facilities is
- 175. Fill in the Blank____________________ are state and federal statutes that require convicted sex offenders to register with local police and to notify law enforcement authorities whenever they move to a new location
- 176. Open EndedTreatment of sex offenders is likely to be successful if offenders do which of the following
- 177. Open EndedInmates who have chronic health and mental health issues are categorized as which of the following
- 178. Open EndedThe average cost of housing an elderly inmate is which of the following
- 179. Open EndedBased on recent research, who is more statistically likely to commit violent crimes
- 180. Open EndedSubstance-involved inmates and sex offenders are considered to be which of the following
- 181. Open EndedWhich prison holds many convicted terrorists and is the supermax prison of the Federal Bureau of Prisons
- 182. Open EndedThe Corrections Demonstration Project provides offenders with
- 183. Open EndedPrisoners who actively participate in prison-based drug treatment programs are less likely to do all of the following except
- 184. Open EndedThe aging of the prison population is attributable to which of the following
- 185. Open EndedOne who acts with premeditated and politically directed violence directed against noncombatants is known as a
- 186. Open EndedWhich of the following issues do illegal immigrants face while in prison
- 187. Open EndedApproximately what percentage of all prison and jail inmates have a mental health problem
- 188. Open EndedTo have a sex offender involuntarily and indefinitely committed to a mental institution once he or she is nearing release from prison is known as
- 189. Open EndedInmates who are immigrants and elderly are categorized as which of the following
- 190. Open EndedNearly 50 percent of inmates in federal prison and roughly 30 percent in state-level prisons are currently serving time for
- 191. Open EndedMinimum-security detention centers that house entire families and provide schooling for children, recreational activities, and access to religious services are known as
- 192. Open EndedElderly inmates are especially vulnerable to victimization and require special attention when it comes to all of the following items except
- 193. Open EndedEvaluations of drug treatment programs have determined that treatment services should be based on all of the following except
- 194. Open EndedMany substance-involved inmates report that at the time of their offense they were in which condition
- 195. Open EndedAccording to the text, in order for a sex offender to be labeled as a sexually violent offender, which of the following is required
- 196. Open EndedMost inmates on death row are black males
- 197. Open EndedFor every one female executed in the United States, three males are executed, meaning that only 33 percent of those killed on death row are women
- 198. Open EndedIn the Supreme Court case of McClesky v. Kemp (1987), the court ruled that the Sixth Amendment requires that aggravating circumstances must be found by a jury, not a judge
- 199. Open EndedThe majority of the American public no longer supports the death penalty
- 200. Open EndedThe warden examines the body at the time of execution and pronounces death
- 201. Open EndedChallengers to the legitimacy of capital punishment have built their case against the death penalty by the ambiguous language of the Fifth and Sixth Amendments
- 202. Open EndedIn 2008, the Supreme Court ruled in Baze v. Rees that Kentucky's lethal injection protocol satisfies the Eighth Amendment
- 203. Open EndedThe United States is one of the few nations that have executed juvenile offenders
- 204. Open EndedThe death penalty is used in every U.S. state except for West Virginia, Wisconsin, Hawaii, and Arizona
- 205. Open EndedNo state permits inmates to choose their method of execution
- 206. Open EndedThe review process can take 10 or more years from conviction to execution
- 207. Open EndedStates that impose capital punishment opt to use the electric chair as their method of execution
- 208. Open EndedThe Supreme Court case of Gregg v. Georgia first brought the death penalty to a halt in 1972 due to issues of cruel and unusual punishment
- 209. Open EndedOne task of the prosecution in a death penalty case is to establish that the sentence should be death because the aggravating causes in the case exceed any potential mitigating causes
- 210. Open EndedAbolitionists make the argument that the death penalty is several times more expensive than confining an inmate for the duration of his or her life
- 211. Open EndedThe case of Pulley v. California mandated that at least 10 percent of the jury hearing a death penalty case must be similar in race or gender to the defendant
- 212. Open EndedIn the Supreme Court case of Stanford v. Kentucky, the court upheld the practice of removing jurors who are opposed to the death penalty
- 213. Open EndedRetentionists argue that the death penalty is used in a racist fashion and violates constitutional guarantees of due process and equal protection
- 214. Open EndedBased on recent empirical studies, it has been found that capital punishment is in fact a major deterrent for those who maybe considering the act of murder
- 215. Open EndedInmates on death row are prohibited any visitors, except for religious clergy
- 216. Open EndedWhich Supreme Court case declared the death penalty unconstitutional
- 217. Open EndedThe majority of executions occur in which U.S. state
- 218. Open EndedWhat is the term used for convicted murders who continue to waive at least part of their ordinary appeals at the time of their execution
- 219. Open EndedThe U.S. Supreme Court decision that later followed Furman v. Georgia and declared the death penalty constitutional if and only if certain conditions are met was
- 220. Open EndedResponses of inmates on death row include all of the following, except
- 221. Open EndedThe number of prisoners on death row nationwide is
- 222. Open EndedHow many officers usually escort the condemned from their cells to the execution room
- 223. Open EndedAccording to the U.S. Supreme Court, the insertion of the intravenous catheter to administer lethal injection must be made by a person who has at least
- 224. Open EndedThe Supreme Court has ruled that no one who commits crime under the age of 18
- 225. Open EndedThe trend worldwide is to
- 226. Open EndedDuring which phase of the judicial process does the jury determine whether the person will be sentenced to death or life in prison
- 227. Open EndedRecent research indicates that most people on death row are of what race
- 228. Open EndedThe majority of prisoners on death row
- 229. Open EndedIn which Supreme Court case did the defendant make the argument that the imposition of the death penalty was cruel and unusual because African American men killing white victims are sentenced to death with greater frequency than white men killing white victims
- 230. Open EndedWho is responsible for establishing that mitigating factors exist that should cause the jury to bring in a punishment recommendation other than death
- 231. Open EndedThe team that carries out the official act of putting an inmate to death is called the
- 232. Open EndedWhich Supreme Court case dealt specifically with aggravating factors relating to the death penalty
- 233. Open EndedWhy does the death penalty remain a form of punishment in the United States
- 234. Open EndedWhich type of attempts to calculate the impact that a well-publicized execution has on the short-term murder rate
- 235. Open EndedThe review process for prisoners on death row takes 10 or more years from conviction to execution because of which of the following
- 236. Open EndedWhich country maintains its secrecy over its use of the death penalty
- 237. Open EndedWhich Supreme Court decision disallowed the execution of juveniles under the age of 18 who committed a capital crime
- 238. Open EndedIn which case did the Supreme Court rule that execution of the mentally handicapped was unconstitutional
- 239. Open EndedThe predominant method of execution in the United States is
- 240. Open EndedOfficers who work on death row are characterized by which of the following
- 241. Open EndedAll of the following are reasons that a majority of death penalty convictions have been overturned except
- 242. Open EndedResearch shows that the majority of Americans over the past two decades express which opinion
- 243. Open EndedA death-qualified jury means that
- 244. Open EndedWhich of the following is not a retentionist argument for the death penalty
- 245. Open EndedOnly adults can be placed in pretrial facilities
- 246. Open EndedFlorida now leads the nation with juveniles serving life sentences without the possibility of parole
- 247. Open EndedTreatment provided to juveniles in a public versus an institutional context is called community treatment
- 248. Open EndedAftercare is not important in the juvenile justice process because most juveniles age out of custody
- 249. Open EndedMurder is an example of a status offense
- 250. Open EndedDue to their possible lack of education and cognitive abilities, juveniles do not receive Miranda warnings and other constitutional rights at time of arrest—they must wait to have counsel present
- 251. Open EndedResearch shows that public opinion on community corrections for juveniles remains negative
- 252. Open EndedAccording to the text, juvenile court proceedings are open to the public
- 253. Open EndedMost states have extended the same legal rights enjoyed by adults at parole revocation hearings to juveniles who are in danger of losing their aftercare privileges
- 254. Open EndedDeterminate sentencing is a new form of sentencing structure in juvenile justice, and in some jurisdictions it is replacing the traditional form of indeterminate sentencing
- 255. Open EndedBlended sentencing is defined as the imposition of juvenile and/or adult correctional sanctions on serious and violent juvenile offenders who have been adjudicated in juvenile court
- 256. Open EndedA comprehensive set of guidelines for juvenile offenders that was based on sentencing in relation to the seriousness of the crime, rather than on the needs of the youth, was known as the Juvenile Fair Sentencing and Reformation Act
- 257. Open EndedAge determines the jurisdiction of the juvenile court
- 258. Open EndedMinority youths accused of delinquent acts are more likely than white youths to be diverted from the court system into informal sanctions
- 259. Open EndedMore juveniles are now placed in an institution instead of being granted probation
- 260. Open EndedMany states permit waiver to the adult court if the juvenile previously has been adjudicated as a delinquent or has a prior criminal conviction
- 261. Open EndedThe U.S. Supreme Court, in the case of Roper v. Simmons, put an end to the practice of the death penalty for juveniles in the United States
- 262. Open EndedBoth juvenile and adult courts use proof beyond a reasonable doubt as the standard for evidence
- 263. Open EndedThe intent of boot camps is to improve youths' self-confidence and sense of self-reliance
- 264. Open EndedBecause of concern over violent juvenile offenders and the threat they pose to the community, state legislatures have passed laws permitting juveniles to be transferred or waived to adult court, where they can be tried and punished as adults
- 265. Open EndedPlea bargaining may only be used with adult offenders
- 266. Open EndedPolice officers are only allowed to use discretion with adult offenders
- 267. Open EndedNonsecure residences that provide counseling, education, job training, and family living are known as
- 268. Open EndedThe majority of incarcerated youths in the United States are charged with all of the following except
- 269. Open EndedPrograms that allow youthful offenders to live at home while receiving services in the community are known as
- 270. Open EndedSimilarities between the adult and juvenile system include which of the following
- 271. Open EndedSince 1999, the number of juvenile offenders in custody has been
- 272. Open EndedA medieval English doctrine that sanctioned the right of the Crown to intervene in natural family relations whenever a child's welfare was threatened is known as
- 273. Open EndedWhat is the juvenile equivalent of parole in the adult criminal justice system
- 274. Open EndedWhich type of waiver to adult court automatically transfers perpetrators to adult court
- 275. Open EndedThe primary form of community treatment used by the juvenile justice system is
- 276. Open EndedWhat is the most widely used transfer mechanism when sending juveniles to adult court
- 277. Open EndedProbation and other forms of treatment for juvenile offenders emphasize which of the following
- 278. Open EndedCommunity treatment refers to efforts to provide juveniles with all of the following except
- 279. Open EndedPrograms conducted for the rehabilitation of youthful offenders within community-based and institutional settings are known as
- 280. Open EndedAccording to the text, programs that attempt to improve the self-confidence of youth are called
- 281. Open EndedApproximately how many juveniles are placed on formal probation each year in the United States
- 282. Open EndedFemales in juvenile institutions are characterized by which of the following
- 283. Open EndedThe key provisions of the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899 provided which of the following
- 284. Open EndedIn the 1800s, what facilities were created to teach juvenile offenders traditional values
- 285. Open EndedUnderage minors who engage in antisocial activities that are defined as criminal behavior by the state's legal code are known as
- 286. Open EndedAt what age do most states consider transferring juveniles to adult court for major felonies
- 287. Open EndedWhat is one major difference between the juvenile and adult justice systems
- 288. Open EndedWhat type of treatment facility restricts the movement of residents through staff monitoring, locked exits, and interior fence controls
- 289. Open EndedWhich case decided that a juvenile who commits a non-homicide crime cannot be sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole
- 290. Open EndedAdult probation officers are different than juvenile probation officers in that
- 291. Open EndedThe Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899 established
- 292. Open EndedJuvenile probation
- 293. Open EndedAll of the following dispositions are available to juveniles who are transferred to adult court except
- 294. Open EndedAccording to the text, a juvenile who runs away from home is an example of what type of offender
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