URINALYSIS

URINALYSIS

Assessment

Assessment

Created by

Mick Joseph

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10 questions

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1.

Open Ended

30 sec

1 pt

Color

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Answer explanation

Normal color urine is yellow (amber) or straw colored. A colorless, pale urine indicates a large amount of water in the urine. A smokey-red or brown color urine indicates a presence of large amounts of blood. Foods such as beets and certain drugs also can produce a red coloration of urine.

2.

Open Ended

30 sec

1 pt

Appearance

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Answer explanation

Normally, urine should be clear. Cloudy or turbid urine indicates a urinary tract infection with pus (pyuria) and bacteria (bacteriuria).

3.

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30 sec

1 pt

pH

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Answer explanation

Determination of pH reveals the chemical nature of urine. It indicates to what degree a solution is acid or alkaline (basic). Normal urine is slightly acidic (pH of 6.5). However, in infections of the bladder, the urine pH may be alkaline, owing to the actions of bacteria in the urine that break down urea and release ammonia (an alkaline substance).

4.

Open Ended

30 sec

1 pt

Protein

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Answer explanation

Small amounts of protein are normally found in the urine but not in sufficient quantity to produce a positive result bu ordinary methods of testing. When urinary tests for protein become positive, albumin is usually responsible. Albumin is the major protein in blood plasm. It it is detected in the urine (albuminuria), it may indicate a leak in the glomerular membrane, which allows albumin to enter in the renal tubule and pass into urine. Through more sensitive testing, abnormal amounts of albumin may be detected (microalbuminuria) when ordinary tests are negative. Microalbuminuria is recognized as the earliest sign of renal involvement in diabetes mellitus.

5.

Open Ended

30 sec

1 pt

Glucose

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Answer explanation

Sugar is not normally found in the urine. In most cases, when it does appear (glycosuria), it indicates diabetes mellitus. In diabetes mellitus, there is excess sugar in the bloodsteam (hyperglycemia), which leads to the "spilling over" of sugar to the urine. The renal tubules cannot reabsorb all the sugar that filters out through the flomerular membrane.

6.

Open Ended

30 sec

1 pt

Specific gravity

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Answer explanation

The specific gravity of urine reflects the amounts of wastes, minerals, and solids through the urine. It is not a comparison of the density of urine with that of water. The urine of patients with diabetes mellitus has a higher-than-normal specific gravity because of the presence of sugar.

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