Which of these larger organisms has a Type I survivor-ship curve? A - A songbird B - A gorilla C - A giant sequoia D - An insect

B - A gorilla

According to the r/K selection theory, an r-selected species has which of the following characteristics? A - It is best suited to live in an unstable environment, it is short-lived, and produces a large number of offspring, each of which receives little parental investment. B - It is best suited to live in a stable environment, it is short-lived, and produces a large number of offspring, each of which receives little parental investment. C - It is best suited to live in a stable environment, it is long-lived, and produces a small number of offspring, each of which receives a lot of parental investment. D - It is best suited to live in an unstable environment, it is short-lived, and produces a large number of offspring, each of which receives a lot of parental investment.

D - It is best suited to live in an unstable environment, it is short-lived, and produces a large number of offspring, each of which receives a lot of parental investment. This theory was popular in the 1970s'. K-selected species, which are long-lived species with a slower growth rate that produce a small number of offspring into which the parents invest a lot of resources to ensure a high probability of survival to adulthood.

Which of the following is a key feature of the life histories of species that have a Type III survivor-ship curve? A - A relatively steady death rate throughout the species' entire life history B - Production of a small number of offspring, each of which receives a lot of parental investment C - Production of a large number of small offspring, each of which receives little parental investment D - A high death rate in the oldest age groups

C - Production of a large number of small offspring, each of which receives little parental investment

Which of the following is an indirect indicator that biologists can use to estimate a population's density? A - Counting the number of organisms in an area B - All of the answers are correct C - Counting the number of nests in an area D - The number of previously tagged animals they trap

C - Counting the number of nests in an area Sometimes biologists will estimate population density based on indirect indicators, such as number of nests, burrows, tracks, droppings or markings that can be found.

Which type of factors has the biggest impact on an organism's life history? A - Environmental factors B - Physiological factors C - Factors related to the predators of the species D - Factors unique to the organism's survival and fitness

D -Factors unique to the organism's survival and fitness

What is niche differentiation? A - When one species out competes another in a particular niche to exclude it from the niche. B - When one or more species find a new food source or other resource to exploit in order to avoid inter-specific competition with similar species. C - When geographic separation allows one species to evolve into two or more different species. D - When geographic separation allows one species to evolve into two or more different species. E - When more than one species with almost the same fundamental niche adapt to become specialists in different aspects of the fundamental niche

E - When more than one species with almost the same fundamental niche adapt to become specialists in different aspects of the fundamental niche NICHE DIFFERENTIATION is when similar species with similar niches become specialists in specific areas and create more than one specific niche, which allows both species to coexist.

What is an ecomorph? A - A population that has recently evolved physical variation to adapt to a specific microenvironment B - A genus of organisms that all fill the same niche C - All the populations that share the same fundamental niche within an ecosystem D - A species that is found only in one specific ecosystem

A - A population that has recently evolved physical variation to adapt to a specific microenvironment ECOMORPHS are populations that have recently evolved physical variations to adapt to specific environments.

According to the graph, at which elevation is the population density of Species A highest? A - 5,000 ft B - 4,000 ft C - 3,000 ft D - 6,000 ft

A - 5,000 ft

What is inter-specific competition? A - When similar species with similar niches become specialists in specific areas and create more than one specific niche, which allows both species to coexist. B - When two or more members of the same species in a community are competing for resources. C - When two or more species in a community are competing for resources. D - When populations that have recently evolved physical variations to adapt to specific microenvironments out-compete all other species.

C - When two or more species in a community are competing for resources.

What is the major difference between competitive exclusion and local extinction? A - In competitive exclusion, a species disappears completely from an area, while in local extinction a species becomes specialists in certain parts of a local area. B - In competitive exclusion, a species disappears only partly from a local area, while in local extinction a species disappears completely from that area. C - In competitive exclusion, a species disappears completely from an area, while in local extinction a species disappears only from a part of a local area. D - In competitive exclusion, a species specializes in certain parts of a local area, while in local extinction a species disappears from part of the local area.

B - In competitive exclusion, a species disappears only partly from a local area, while in local extinction a species disappears completely from that area. COMPETITIVE exclusion is when one species out-competes another in a part of the habitat so well that the second species is excluded from that part. LOCAL extinction is when one species is out-competed by another so effectively throughout the entire local habitat that it becomes extinct in that area.