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KINE 5233 Foundation/Laws of Modalities/Pain/Cryotherapy/Thermotherapy
40 questions
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- 1. Open EndedWhat is the common name of pain receptors in the periphery?
- 2. Open Ended(T/F) Swelling = Edema = Inflammation
- 3. Open EndedWhich of the following electromagnetic modalities has the SHORTEST wavelength?
- 4. Open EndedWhat is the relationship between frequency and wavelength and how do these parameters effect the penetration and effectiveness of a therapeutic modality?
- 5. Open EndedWhich of the following statements represents the Grotthus-Draper Law?
- 6. Open Ended(T/F) According to Lorimer Moseley, when our pain buffer decreases (reduces) our system becomes way to too protective.
- 7. Open EndedMatch the 1st order nerve with its sensory input.
- 8. Open EndedThe infrared section of the electromagnetic spectrum has two areas called Far and Near. Which modality is in the area identified, as NEAR, and what is its depth of penetration?
- 9. Open Ended(T/F) Secondary hyperalgesia represents an increase in the size of the painful area because of chemicals spread to adjacent tissue.
- 10. Fill in the BlankThe absence of evidence is not the ___________ of absence
- 11. Open EndedWhich of the following statements represents the Cosine Law?
- 12. Open EndedTherapeutic modalities are designed to promote change via the application of energy. Two (2) key components were mentioned regarding the delivery of this energy. What are they? Explain by using a brief example of how to apply.
- 13. Open EndedCheck all the physiological processes that are associated with the Maturation and Remodeling phase and will help you choose a therapeutic modality.
- 14. Open EndedWhich of the following is a clinical example of the Ardnt-Schultz principle?
- 15. Open Ended(T/F) Nocioceptors are directly connected to 2nd order neurons and transmit pain to higher centers.
- 16. Open EndedCheck all of the physiological responses that are associated with the Inflammatory Phase and will help you choose a therapeutic modality.
- 17. Open EndedCheck all the physiological processes that are associated with the Fibroblastic Repair (Proliferation) phase and will help you choose a therapeutic modality.
- 18. Open EndedCapillary hydrostatic pressure
- 19. Open EndedT/F Dr. Ken Knight determined that Cold-Induced Vasodilation (CIVD) did not actually produce vasodilation over the original vessel size, but actually resulted in net vasoconstriction even though the vessels do vasodilate some after cold application.
- 20. Open EndedWhich of the following Starling Pressures is reduced with cryotherapy therefore, less fluid is pulled out of the capillaries because cryotherapy reduces the amount of secondary enzymatic and secondary metabolic injury?
- 21. Open EndedWhich of the following Starling Pressures acts to push fluid out of capillary thereby increasing the amount of interstitial fluid?
- 22. Open EndedWhich modality likely created complete analgesia the quickest?
- 23. Open EndedT/F Icy Hot and Biofreeze relieve pain because they cause complete analgesia on the skin just like crushed ice.
- 24. Open EndedWhat is the approximate duration of treatment recommended for ice bag on the skin for someone with a skin adipose layer of 15 mm when your primary goal is to reduce/slow cellular metabolism (decrease of muscle temperature by at least 8-10 °C) so you can eliminate the occurrence of secondary metabolic and enzymatic injury? Use the information and graph below to assist (Myrer et al, 2001). —< 8 mm - 1.3°F/min (0.72°C/min) —10-18 mm - 0.81°F/min (0.45°C/min) —> 20 mm - 0.45°F/min (0.25°C/min
- 25. Open EndedWhat is the proposed percentage of change in cellular metabolism happens for the first 1oC decrease in tissue temperature?
- 26. Open EndedMuscle temperature typically starts at 37oC, so according to research by Otte et al (2002), what muscle temperature did the subjects average when an ice bag was applied for 20 minutes on a person with 11-20 mm of subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness?
- 27. Open EndedT/F Dr. Brothers and his colleagues have determined that AFTER cooling a limb with a continuous cooling device for 30 minutes there is a disconnect between skin temperature and vessel vasoconstriction because skin temperature returns to normal levels within 2 hours, but vessel vasoconstriction can remain.
- 28. Open EndedAccording to Bleakley and Hopkins, how cold to you have to get a muscle to significantly reduce its metabolism where you might also stop normal metabolic functioning and not only target the inflammatory response?
- 29. Open EndedHow much of a temperature decrease do you need to begin the slowing of nerve conduction velocity by 1-2 meters/second?
- 30. Open EndedT/F Compression and elevation are suited to successfully remove swelling and edema that has already accumulated, whereas, cold alone is most suited to prevent swelling and edema in the acute phase.
- 31. Open EndedWhat do the following graphs from a research study by Merrick et al. determine regarding a blue ice gel pack, ice bag, ice bag with water?
- 32. Open EndedIdentify one (1) way that heat can reduce pain when applied to an injury?
- 33. Open EndedWhen utilizing superficial heating modalities, skin temperature needs to increase to which range?
- 34. Open EndedWhich of the following thermotherapy devices is more likely to cause rebound vasoconstriction because of constant heat?
- 35. Open EndedWhich of the following exclusively uses a conversion to produce heating?
- 36. Open EndedWhich one of the following reasons likely caused the two different applications of the hydrocollator hot packs to provide about the same amount of heat after about 6 minutes of application?
- 37. Open EndedWhich one of the following related to heat transfer was the likely reason that the hot pack with the only terry cloth cover heated better initially than all the other types of heating?
- 38. Open EndedThe infrared section of the electromagnetic spectrum has two areas called Far and Near. Which modality is in the area identified, as NEAR, and what is its depth of penetration?
- 39. Open EndedWhen white areas along with blotchy red skin appear following superficial heating treatment where the temperature of the modality remains constant throughout, what has likely occurred?
- 40. Open EndedP.E.A.C.E. & L.O.V.E. or M.E.A.T. are acronyms that discourage the use of cold in the treatment of injuries.
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