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- 1. Open EndedStudying the English painter John Constable is helpful in understanding??
- 2. Open EndedConstable is in fact, largely responsible for reviving the importance of ?? in the 19th century
- 3. Open EndedConstable is largely responsible for reviving the importance of landscape painting in the 19th century. A key event, when it is remembered that landscape would become the primary subject of the ??? (art movement) later in the century.
- 4. Open EndedLandscape had had a brief moment of glory amongst the Dutch masters of the ??? century.
- 5. Open Endedin the 18th century hierarchy of subject matter where did landscape painting fall?
- 6. Open Endedin the first decades of the 19th century Constable began to depict his father's farm on oversized six-foot long canvases. These "six-footers" as they are called, challenged the status quo. Here landscape was presented on the scale of ???
- 7. Open EndedThe Hay Wain date
- 8. Open EndedThe Hay Wain does include an element of genre - which is what?
- 9. Open EndedUnlike the later Impressionists, Constable's large polished canvases were painted where?
- 10. Open EndedConstable was the first artist we know of who studied ?? so that the clouds and the atmospheric conditions that he rendered were scientifically precise.
- 11. Open EndedConstable was clearly the product of the Age of ??? and its increasing confidence in science. But Constable was also deeply influenced by the social and economic impact of the ??? revolution
- 12. Open EndedPrior to the 19th century, even the largest European cities counted their populations only in the hundreds of thousands - this would change rapidly. The vast majority of the population lived in rural communities. The ?? would REVERSE this ancient pattern of population distribution.
- 13. Open EndedSome art historians have suggested that by concentrating on the countryside Constable was indeed responding to
- 14. Open EndedAs the cities and their problems grew, the urban elite, those that had grown rich from an industrial economy, began to look to the countryside not as a place so wretched with poverty that thousands were fleeing for an uncertain future in the city, but rather as ???
- 15. Open EndedThe rural landscape became a ??, a place of one's childhood, where the good air and water, the open spaces and hard and honest work of farm labor created a moral open space that contrasted sharply with the perceived evils of modern urban life.
- 16. Open EndedConstable's art then functions as an expression of the increasing importance of rural life, at least from the perspective of the wealthy urban elite for whom these canvases were intended. (THE X PAINTING) is a celebration of a simpler time, a precious and moral place lost to the city dweller.
- 17. Open EndedThe White Horse by John Constable is a full-size oil sketch of one of the artist's first large-scale landscape paintings. The final version, is now part of the ?? in New York
- 18. Open EndedThe White Horse by John Constable (1776-1837) is a full-size oil sketch of one of the artist's first large-scale landscape paintings. The final version, now part of the Frick Collection in New York, was first exhibited in ??? at the Royal Academy
- 19. Open EndedThe White Horse by John Constable (1776-1837) was the beginning of a series of works that became famously known as the ?? for their grand size.
- 20. Open EndedThe scene is a view from the south bank of the ??? in the countryside around Suffolk, England, where the artist was born. The barge in the lower left corner is carrying a horse from the towpath on the near side of the river to the opposite bank.
- 21. Open EndedIn 1819 Constable exhibited The White Horse the first of his so-called "six footers," a series of scenes of the banks of the river Stour, immortalizing the countryside in which he had grown up. In the same year, as a direct result of the success of this major step, he was belatedly elected an Associate of the Royal Academy, but did not attain full Academician- ship until ???, an injustice that rankled.
- 22. Open EndedAlthough Constable himself never left England, The Hay Wain (National Gallery, London) and two other works were shown in 1824 at the??, where they were acclaimed by the French artists, especially Delacroix, and were awarded a gold medal.
- 23. Open EndedThe White Horse date and medium
- 24. Open EndedThe White Horse: X-radiographs made in 1984 reveal that the work is executed, comparatively thinly, over an unfinished (but fairly complete) painting of ???
- 25. Open Endedwhat is impasto
- 26. Open Endedsome passages in the White Horse are in what style?
- 27. Open EndedWhite Horse was exhibited at the Royal Academy in ?? , first exhibited as A scene on the river Stour, was christened The White Horse by its purchaser, Archdeacon John Fisher.
- 28. Open EndedThe White Horse is now in now in which gallery ??
- 29. Open EndedIn the White Horse the ?? to the left to becomes the central focus of the composition and placing the gable of Willy Lott's house at right angles to the river.
- 30. Open EndedNotable features of the White Horse:
- 31. Open Endedthe White Horse: what are its defining characteristics
- 32. Open EndedWhat features of the White Horse give it its breath and vigour and turn it into "a masterpiece of well focused, carefully related, and meticulously rendered forms."
- 33. Open EndedHow do the National Gallery describe the White Horse
- 34. Open EndedThe White Horse: This large-scale finished work is a magisterial representation of the serenity and timelessness of the English countryside, as Constable intended it to be; he described it as "a placid representation of a serene grey morning, summer."
- 35. Open EndedThe White Horse: The artistic development of Constable from the almost restless scatter of focus in his Flatford Mill painting of two years earlier is ??.
- 36. Open EndedJohn Constable, Cloud Studies DATE MEDIUM
- 37. Open EndedCloud Studies belongs to a large series of oil studies in which Constable recorded the sky at various times of day and under different meteorological conditions.
- 38. Open EndedIn Cloud Studies Constable captures the movement of the clouds and shifting light. In this example, much of the pink-brown ground layer shows through, lending ??? to this image of pure atmosphere.
- 39. Open EndedConstable's subject was as much the season and the weather as the view, and his most remarkable achievement was the union of ?? and ?? on this sophisticated level of observation.
- 40. Open EndedBermingham rightly stresses Constable's ?? perception of landscape.
- 41. Open EndedConstable's later style was increasingly turbulent and overcast, reflecting his depressed state after Maria's death. His last works, flickering in touch and rhythm, sought to capture ever more ?? effects.
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