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- 1. Open EndedWhat is the WORST risk factor for stable angina pectoris?
- 2. Open EndedWhat is the MOST COMMON risk factor for stable angina pectoris?
- 3. Open EndedWhat LVEF is associated with increased mortality with angina pectoris?
- 4. Open EndedWhat vessel involvement has the worst prognosis
- 5. Open Endedmetabolic syndrome x vs syndrome x
- 6. Open EndedWhat is the key underlying factor of Metabolic Syndrome X?
- 7. Open EndedHow do you calculate a patient's maximum heart rate?
- 8. Open EndedThe presence of ischemia on a stress test is based on the presence of what?
- 9. Open EndedWhat 3 agents can be used for a pharmacologic stress test?
- 10. Open EndedHow do Adenosine and Dipyridamole stress the heart for testing?
- 11. Open EndedWhat is the definitive test for CAD?
- 12. Open EndedCoronary stenosis of > ____% can produce angina
- 13. Open EndedWhat medication is recommended for all patients with CAD to decrease the risk of MI?
- 14. Open EndedWhat medication is recommended to patients with CAD to decrease the frequency of coronary events?
- 15. Open EndedWhat medication is considered a SECONDARY treatment for CAD when BB's and Nitrates are not fully effective?
- 16. Open EndedT or F Revascularization does not reduce the incidence of MI
- 17. Open EndedT or F Patients with USA should undergo immediate cardiac stress testing
- 18. Open EndedThe difference between USA and NSTEMI = ?
- 19. Open EndedWhich is better for USA or NSTEMI... Heparin or Enoxaparin?
- 20. Open EndedUSA... give ASA alone or ASA with Clopidogrel?
- 21. Open EndedWhat 2 electrolytes commonly need to be replaced after USA?
- 22. Open EndedTIMI score criteria (7)
- 23. Open EndedPrinzmetals variant angina usually occurs at what time during the day?
- 24. Open EndedWhat is the definitive test for Pronzmetals angina?
- 25. Open EndedCAP occurs in the community or within ___ hours of hospitalizaion
- 26. Open EndedWhat are the most common pathogens for Nosocomial PNA? (2 )
- 27. Open EndedHow does "Atypical" pneumonia present?
- 28. Open EndedWhat is the ONLY reasonable method of differentiating between pneumonia and acute bronchitis?
- 29. Open EndedQ fever is caused by what organism?
- 30. Open EndedWhen it comes to PNA, temperature dissociation means what?
- 31. Open EndedIf vital signs are normal the chance of pneumonia is still ___%?
- 32. Open EndedHow long after treatment of pna may CXR changes lag behind?
- 33. Open EndedWhat are 4 causes of a FALSE NEGATIVE CXR for pneumonia?
- 34. Open EndedWhat pna pathogen should be suspected in immigrants?
- 35. Open EndedWhat PNA pathogen is common in organ transplant patients, patients with renal failure, patients with chronic lung disease, smoking
- 36. Open EndedWhat kind of stain is used to identify TB or mycobacterium spp. in pna?
- 37. Open EndedWhen do you use a Silver Stain for PNA workup?
- 38. Open EndedEmpiric therapy for < 60 years old with pna ?
- 39. Open EndedEmpiric pna treatment for patients >60, with comorbidities, or with abx treatment in last 3 months is what?
- 40. Open EndedOutpatient PNA treatment lasts ___ days or until fever has been gone what time frame ___?
- 41. Open EndedHospitalized PNA requires what abx treatment?
- 42. Open EndedWhen should thoracentesis be performed on a patient with a pleural effusion?
- 43. Open EndedFindings associated with ventilator associated pneumonia = ?
- 44. Open EndedTx of Ventilator associated PNA uses a combo of THREE abx......
- 45. Open EndedHow big does a lung cavity need to be to be determined to be a LUNG ABSCESS?
- 46. Open EndedMost common Lung Abscess bacterium (4)
- 47. Open EndedWhat is the main risk factor for lung abscesses?
- 48. Open EndedCoverage for a Lung Abscess: (3)
- 49. Open EndedWhat is the most common cause of death due to infection worldwide?
- 50. Open EndedT or F People with Primary TB are not contagious
- 51. Open EndedWhat is primary TB?
- 52. Open EndedWhat is PROGRESSIVE, PRIMARY TB?
- 53. Open Endedwhat manifestation of TB presents in the eye?
- 54. Open EndedHow do you definitively diagnose TB?
- 55. Open EndedHow big is the induration that indicates a + PPD?
- 56. Open Endeda pt has a + ppd, but no active TB... what do you do?
- 57. Open EndedHow long do you treat TB with 4 drug regimen? What happens next?
- 58. Open EndedWhat AE leads to D/C of TB drugs?
- 59. Open EndedWhat virus causes influenza?
- 60. Open Ended3 most common causes of Neonate Meningitis
- 61. Open Ended3 most common causes of Children Meningitis
- 62. Open Ended3 most common causes of Adult (18-50) meningitis
- 63. Open Ended3 most common causes of Elderly Meningitis
- 64. Open EndedCSF for meningitis shows Lymphocytes.... what is it?
- 65. Open EndedCSF for meningitis shows HIGH protein... what is it?
- 66. Open Ended3 vaccinations for asplenic patients?
- 67. Open Endedempiric tx for infant meningitis
- 68. Open EndedEmpiric tx for 3-50 y.o. meningitis
- 69. Open EndedEmpiric Tx for 50 + y.o. meningitis
- 70. Open EndedEmpiric Tx for HIV patient meningitis
- 71. Open EndedAIDS patients with CD4 count less than 200 are at high risk for what kind of encephalitis?
- 72. Open EndedWhat is the imaging study of choice to diagnose Encephalitis?
- 73. Open EndedWhat 3 bacteria may cause a brain abscess in a neutropenic patient?
- 74. Open EndedWhy are patients with cellulitis predisposed to recurrences IN THE SAME AREA?
- 75. Open EndedMost common pathogen for Erysipelas?
- 76. Open EndedTX for erysipelas
- 77. Open EndedRisk factors for Nec Fasc (4)
- 78. Open EndedWhat is RIsus Sardonicus?
- 79. Open EndedHow do you treat tetany in tetanus?
- 80. Open EndedWhat has to be known in order for there to be no Td or TIG given to a tetanus potential wound?
- 81. Open EndedT or F WBC is the most useful test for OSTEOmyelitis
- 82. Open EndedWhen is radiographic evicence of osteomyelitis evident?
- 83. Open EndedHow is FUO defined?
- 84. Open EndedWhat are the top 2 causes of FUO?
- 85. Open Endeddaily fevers, arthritis, and an evanescent, salmon rash = ?
- 86. Open EndedA Fish Tapeworm presents with what findings?
- 87. Open EndedT or F Patients with previous TSS confer immunity against the toxin
- 88. Open EndedHow many organ systems need to be involved in TSS?
- 89. Open EndedIf Fever is ABSENT in TSS, what must be present?
- 90. Open EndedIf IV antibiotics for 4-5 days don't result in resolution of neutropenic fever, what do you do next?
- 91. Open EndedNeutropenia is defined by ANC of ____ mmcubed
- 92. Open EndedMost common organism in Subacute Endocarditis
- 93. Open EndedMost common organism on Endocarditis of prosthetic valve
- 94. Open EndedMost common location for lymphadenopathy in Infectious Mononucleosis?
- 95. Open EndedWhich is more severe: EBV or CMV mononucleosis?
- 96. Open EndedWhat does the monospot test detect?
- 97. Open EndedWhat does peripheral blood smear look like with Mono?
- 98. Open EndedHow long should one wait to return to sports after having Mono?
- 99. Open EndedWhat is normal urine output in infants? (per hour) Adults?
- 100. Open EndedA patient with a temp of 39 deg C has what value of increased water loss over 1 day?
- 101. Open EndedLactated Ringers should not be used if what electrolyte abnormality is a concern?
- 102. Open EndedHematocrit is falsely elevated ____% for every Liter of fluid deficit a patient experiences
- 103. Open EndedHow many liters of Crystalloid must be used to replace 1 L of volume deficit?
- 104. Open EndedWhat is the purpose of dextrose in D5 1/2 NS?
- 105. Open EndedHow to calculate maintenance fluids?
- 106. Open EndedWhat is the main osmotic cation in ECF?
- 107. Open EndedWhere in the loop of henley does Lasix work?
- 108. Open EndedWhere in the loop of henley do thiazides work?
- 109. Open EndedWhat should the sodium be in a patient with a head injury and increased ICP?
- 110. Open EndedWhat is the likely cause for Hypotonic Hyponatremia with urine sodium of 25 mEq/L?
- 111. Open EndedWhat drugs may cause euvolemic hyponatremia ? (3 listed)
- 112. Open EndedWhat ratio does Hyperglycemia influence sodium levels?
- 113. Open EndedHyponatremia results in (Hyper/Hypo) reflexive DTR's?
- 114. Open EndedHow do you correct Moderate hyponatremia (110-120 mmol/L)?
- 115. Open EndedHow fast can you increase sodium in severe hyponatremia?
- 116. Open EndedDI results in what form of hypernatremia?
- 117. Open EndedDiarrhea results in what form of hypernatremia?
- 118. Open EndedHow to calculate free water deficit?
- 119. Open EndedHow does a LOW pH affect Calcium?
- 120. Open EndedHow does Vitamin D affect plasma ca and plasma phosphate?
- 121. Open EndedHypocalcemia and absence of thymic shadow on Xray = ?
- 122. Open EndedHypocalcemia results in (increased or Decreased) QT interval?
- 123. Open EndedHypercalcemia + Alkalosis + Renal impairment due to low urine calcium excretion = ???
- 124. Open EndedHow does Sarcoidosis cause elevated Ca?
- 125. Open EndedWhat medication is given uniquely with Vitamin D and MM related causes of hypercalecmia?
- 126. Open EndedWhat is Barrters syndrome?
- 127. Open EndedWhat antibiotics may cause hypokalemia?
- 128. Open Endedepinephrine has what effect on potassium?
- 129. Open EndedWhat 2 circumstances should IV Potassium be used?
- 130. Open EndedIf hyperkalemia is severe or ecg changes are present, WHAT IS THE FIRST STEP?
- 131. Open EndedWhy should you be cautious in giving Calcium to a patient on digoxin?
- 132. Open EndedWhat drugs may cause hypomag? (3)
- 133. Open EndedWhat is the most common cause of hypermag?
- 134. Open EndedWhat is classically the first sign in hypermag?
- 135. Open EndedWhat are the 2 most common causes of hypophos?
- 136. Open EndedWhat food is an excellent source of phosphate?
- 137. Fill in the BlankHyperphosphatemia results in _____ (likely) if Serum calcium x Serum phosphorus = >70
- 138. Open EndedAcidosis (increases/decreases) oxygen delivery to tissues.
- 139. Open EndedWhat are 3 causes of PRoximal renal tubular acidosis that leads to loss of bicarb?
- 140. Open EndedWhat are 3 causes of DISTAL renal tubular acidosis that leads to loss of bicarb?
- 141. Open EndedWhat is the most common cause of non-aniongap metabolic acidosis?
- 142. Open EndedAcidosis diminishes the tissue responsiveness to ____
- 143. Open EndedWhat is "Winter's formula" and what is it used for?
- 144. Open EndedIF there is severe acidosis, bicarb may not reach the brain for 24 hours. What do you do in the meantime?
- 145. Open EndedWhat is saline resistant metabolic alkalosis?
- 146. Open Endedwhat electrolyte abnormality is common with metabolic alkalosis?
- 147. Open EndedWhat is the difference in HCO3- reabsorption in Acute vs Chronic Respiratory acidosis?
- 148. Open EndedIncreased serum progesterone causes (Hyper/hypo)ventilation
- 149. Open EndedIn anemia what enzyme causes a rightward shift of the oxygen hb dissociation curve?
- 150. Open EndedA reticulocyte count of ____ indicates excessive RBC destruction or blood loss
- 151. Open EndedWhy should you NOT infuse PRBCs with LR?
- 152. Open EndedWhen will giving Vitamin K not work in correcting a high PT/PTT?
- 153. Open EndedCryoprecipitate contains what 2 components?
- 154. Fill in the Blank1 unit of platelets raises platelet count by ________
- 155. Open EndedWhen does an "Extravascular hemolysis" occur?
- 156. Open EndedWhat is the management for Extravascular hemolysis?
- 157. Open EndedMicrocytic anemia with normal Fe and normal or decreased TIBC =?
- 158. Fill in the BlankIn elderly patients with iron deficiency anemia, you MUST rule out __________
- 159. Open EndedWhat is the most common cause of GI bleeding in the elderly?
- 160. Open EndedThallasemia is named according to the chain that is (present/absent)
- 161. Open Endedin B-Thal anemia, a skull Xray may show what appearance?
- 162. Open EndedHb Electrophoresis shows elevations in what 2 hemoglobins in B-Thal?
- 163. Open EndedWhen is Thal-Major usually diagnosed?
- 164. Open EndedDeletion of all 4 loci in Alpha-Thal results in what?
- 165. Open Ended3 drug causes of Sideroblastic Anemia
- 166. Open EndedTreatment for Sideroblastic Anemia
- 167. Open EndedWhat are the 2 most common clinical findings in a patient with AKI?
- 168. Open EndedWhat is the most common cause of death in AKI?
- 169. Open EndedWhat is the most common cause of AKI?
- 170. Open EndedHyaline casts are seen in (Pre, intrinsic, Post renal)
- 171. Open EndedWhich kind of AKI is consistent with a BUN: Creatinine of 10:1 (Pre, intrinsic, Post renal)
- 172. Open EndedWhat is the most common cause of acute interstitial nephritis?
- 173. Open EndedWhat are the classic findings of Acute interstitial nephritis (3)?
- 174. Open EndedDifferentiate acute vs chronic interstitial nephritis
- 175. Open EndedHow can you differentiate ATN vs AIN?
- 176. Open EndedHow is the diagnosis of renal papillary necrosis made?
- 177. Open EndedHow do you treat Type 1 (distal) RTA?
- 178. Open EndedWhat type of RTA is the result of the inability to resorb HCO3-?
- 179. Open EndedWhat pathology must ALWAYS be ruled out when a patient presents with Type 2 (proximal) RTA?
- 180. Open EndedNephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis occur in which form of RTA?
- 181. Open EndedHow do you treat RTA Type 2 (proximal)
- 182. Open EndedWhich form of RTA causes HYPER-K vs hypo K in the others?
- 183. Open EndedWhat is the underlying etiology of RTA type 4?
- 184. Open EndedGenetic induced syndrome causing decreased intestinal and renal absorption of neutral amino acids -- results in clinical features similar to pellagra
- 185. Open EndedSyndrome of defective transport of glucose, AA's, Na, K, PO4, Uric acid, and Bicarb
- 186. Open EndedWhat heart valve abnormality is associated with ADPKD?
- 187. Open EndedHypoplasia of lungs, limb abnormalities (club feet), and abnormal facies = ?
- 188. Open EndedMedullary Sponge Kidney is associated with what 2 pathologies?
- 189. Open EndedHow is medullary sponge kidney diagnosed?
- 190. Open EndedWhat is the most common cause of secondary htn?
- 191. Open EndedWhat is the gold standard for diagnosis of renal artery stenosis?
- 192. Open EndedWhat diagnostic test is used for identify RAS when patient has renal failure?
- 193. Open EndedWhat medication is recommended for sickle cell nephropathy?
- 194. Open EndedMost common site of nephrolithiasis?
- 195. Open EndedWhat is the most common and preventable risk factor for Nephrolithiasis?
- 196. Open EndedWhich gender is 3 times as likely to develop nephrolithiasis?
- 197. Open EndedCauses of hyperoxaluria (and therefore calcium oxalate stones (3 )
- 198. Open Endedurease producing organisms that lead to struvite stones (4)
- 199. Open EndedIf a stone is > __ cm it is UNlikely to pass spontaneously
- 200. Open EndedIf a stone is <____ cm it is LIKELY to pass spontaneously
- 201. Open EndedWhat are the two radiolucent stones?
- 202. Open EndedPercutaneous nephrolithotomy can be used if lithotripsy fails. It is best used for stones of what size?
- 203. Open EndedPatients with what kind of stones should refrain from eating animal protein?
- 204. Open EndedWhat is the initial test for diagnosing a urinary tract obstruction?
- 205. Open EndedWhat is the gold standard test for diagnosis of Urinary Tract obstruction?
- 206. Fill in the Blank95% of Prostate Cancer is _____ (kind of cell)
- 207. Open EndedIF PSA level is >____ TRUS + Biopsy is indicated regardless of DRE findings
- 208. Open EndedIF PSA is between 4.1 and 10 and DRE = negative... what do you do?
- 209. Open Ended3 most common bones for Prostate CA metastasis
- 210. Open EndedIf PSA is >10, what are the chances of finding Prostate CA on biopsy?
- 211. Open EndedHow do oyu treat Prostate CA with local invasion?
- 212. Open EndedHow can you decrease testosterone production in patients with metastatic prostate cancer?
- 213. Open EndedWhat is the most common primary renal cancer?
- 214. Open EndedWhat is von-Hippel-Lindau syndrome?
- 215. Open EndedAreas of metastasis for RCC (4)
- 216. Open EndedStage Prostate Cancer (A-D)
- 217. Open Ended90% of bladder cancers are what kind of cancer?
- 218. Open EndedClassic triad of RCC
- 219. Open EndedTesticular cancer is most common between men of what ages?
- 220. Open EndedWhat is the most common type of tumor for testicular cancer?
- 221. Open EndedWhat is the most common cell type of Germ Cell Testicular tumors?
- 222. Open EndedWhat non-germ cell testicular tumor is hormonally active?
- 223. Open EndedT/F Testicular cancers often are diagnosed early in the course of disease
- 224. Open EndedGynecomastia may present in what kind of testicular cancer?
- 225. Open EndedName 2 Testicular cancer tumor markers?
- 226. Open EndedAt what time frame may torsion lead to infarction and an unsalvageable testicle?
- 227. Open Endedupper vs lower GI bleeding is differentiated by what anatomical landmark?
- 228. Open EndedLower GI bleed in patient over 40....
- 229. Open EndedName 4 things that can mimic melena
- 230. Open EndedWhat is an important cause of Achalasia worldwide?
- 231. Open EndedT or F There is no cure for achalasia
- 232. Open EndedWhat is Light's Criteria, and what is it used for?
- 233. Open EndedBromocriptine is an ergot derivative which causes what severe AE?
- 234. Open EndedWhat is the most common cause of hemoptysis?
- 235. Open EndedCentrally located lesion with cavitation on CXR is likely what kind of Lung CA?
- 236. Open EndedWhat kind of lung cancer is usually on the periphery, and is commonly associated with effusion, scaring, and fibrosis?
- 237. Open Endedchronic bronchitis requires what tme frame?
- 238. Open Endedwhat negative hormones are stimulated by smoking
- 239. Open EndedWhat is the most common kind of emphysema?
- 240. Open EndedWhat qualifies someone for continuous or intermittent long term oxygen therapy in COPD? (3)
- 241. Open EndedContinuous oxygen therapy for >18 hours per day has been shown to reduce mortality in patients with COPD by what mechanism?
- 242. Open Ended3 most common causes of COPD exacerbations
- 243. Open EndedAsthma triad = ?
- 244. Open EndedT or F Asthma must begin before the age of 50, otherwise, it is likely COPD
- 245. Open EndedWhat 2 medications commonly cause asthma flares
- 246. Open EndedWhat Fev1/FVC ratio is diagnostic of Asthma?
- 247. Open EndedIncreased PaCO2 during an asthma exacerbation indicates what?
- 248. Open EndedWhat is the quickest way to diagnose asthma?
- 249. Open EndedWhat peak flow (of predicted) is cnonsidered a SEVERE asthma exacerbation?
- 250. Open EndedWhat medication is used in asthma for prophylaxis of mild-exercise induced asthma and control of mild to mod persistent disease?
- 251. Open EndedWhat medication for asthma is only used for pre-exercise prophylaxis? (and rarely in adults)
- 252. Open EndedWhat kind of lung cancer has the LOWEST association with smoking?
- 253. Open EndedWhat is the leading cause of blindness in the US?
- 254. Open EndedWhat is treatment of choice for NSCLC?
- 255. Open EndedWhat is treatment of choice for SCLC?
- 256. Open EndedExudative effusions that are primarily lymphocytic are ____
- 257. Open EndedPh of pleural effusions <7.2 = (1 of what 2 things_
- 258. Open EndedHow much pleural fluid must accumulate before an effusion can be detected/
- 259. Open EndedDifference between parapneumonic effusion and empyema?
- 260. Open EndedWhat medications are known to be toxic to lungs (7)
- 261. Open EndedNoncaseating granulomas = ?
- 262. Open EndedWhat age are people with sarcoid diagnosed?
- 263. Open EndedWhat skin disorder is associated with sarcoidosis?
- 264. Open EndedWhat is the most common cause of death in sarcoidosis patients?
- 265. Open EndedWhat is the hallmark CXR finding for Sarcoidosis>
- 266. Open EndedSarcoidosis (and some other lung diseases) cause an elevation of this serum enzyme...
- 267. Open EndedWhich stage of sarcoidosis has the highest rate of remission?
- 268. Open EndedWhat stage of Sarcoidosis: Diffuse parenchymal infiltrates withOUT hilar adenopathy
- 269. Open EndedWhat stage of Sarcoidosis has the least favorable prognosis?
- 270. Open EndedStage IV Sarcoidosis = ?
- 271. Open EndedWhat are the treatment of choice for Sarcoidosis?
- 272. Open EndedLetterer-siwe disease and
- 273. Open EndedHand-Schuller-Christian syndrome are both forms of what?
- 274. Open EndedWhat lung disease is characterized by necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis?
- 275. Fill in the Blankthe gold standard for Wegener's granulomatosis is tissue biopsy, but if the patient tests positive for _____ the likelihood is high
- 276. Open EndedWhat is a granulomatous vasculitis in patients with asthma?
- 277. Open EndedWhat antibody is associated with churg strauss syndrome?
- 278. Open Ended"egg shell" calcifications on CXR = ?
- 279. Open Ended"Pleural plaques" on CXR = ?
- 280. Open EndedAsbestosis increases risk of what 2 significant pathologies?
- 281. Open EndedSilicosis more commonly involves (upper or lower) lobes
- 282. Open EndedWhat lung disease develops secondary to mining, stone cutting, and glass manufacturing?
- 283. Open EndedWhat is the diagnostic method for berylliosis?
- 284. Open EndedWhat is the hallmark finding of hypersensitivity pneumonitis?
- 285. Open EndedBagassosis is a hypersensitivity pneumonitis caused by what?
- 286. Open EndedAutoimmune disease caused by IgG antibodies directed against glomerular and alveolar basement membranes (type II hypersensitivity rxn) = ?
- 287. Open EndedWhat are the 3 components of treatment for Goodpasture's syndrome?
- 288. Open EndedA patient with dry cough, dyspnea, rales, and hypoxia has a CxR with ground glass appearance with bilateral alveolar infiltrates that resemble a bat shape. What test do you do? What is the diagnosis?
- 289. Open Endeddoes hyper or hypo capnia lead to cerebral vasodilation?
- 290. Open EndedSevere hypoxemia with no significant improvement on 100% oygen= ?
- 291. Open EndedWhat is the typical pulm Cap Wedge Pressure in ARDS?
- 292. Open EndedWhat is the most useful parameter in differentiating ARDS from Cardiogenic Pulm Edema
- 293. Open EndedWhat is the goal PCWP in ARDS patients?
- 294. Open EndedWhat is the usual I:E ratio for vent settings?
- 295. Open EndedIf ventilaton is suspected to be required for >2 weeks, ET trach is preferred to prevent what?
- 296. Open EndedPulmonary MAP is diagnostic of pulm htn at what mmHg?
- 297. Open Endedprimary Pulm HTN usually affects what population ?
- 298. Open Ended2 components of medical management for patients with primary pulmonary hypertension
- 299. Open EndedCor pulmonale is most commonly secondary to what ?
- 300. Open EndedWhat is the most common type of wart?
- 301. Open EndedWhat type of wart is most commonly on the chin/face, dorsum of hands and legs
- 302. Open EndedCondyloma acuminatum is most commonly associated with what 2 viruses?
- 303. Open EndedVaccines against HPV cover what 2 strains?
- 304. Open EndedA patient has suspected tinea capitis, you Woods lamp the area. It fluoresces... what microbiological species is the cause?
- 305. Open EndedLindane cream, the second ljne tx for Scabies, is contraindicated in those under 2 and pregnant women for what reason?
- 306. Open EndedWhat is the most common skin cancer?
- 307. Open EndedWhat is the most common site for basal cell carcinoma?
- 308. Open EndedWhat kind of skin cancer: "crusting, ulcerated nodules or lesions"
- 309. Open EndedWhat is Marjolin's ulcer?
- 310. Open EndedStage Decub Ulcers...
- 311. Open EndedFirst line for psoriasis:
- 312. Open EndedT or F The most common risk factor for Seborrheic Keratosis is sunlight exposure
- 313. Open EndedWhat enzyme deficiency is responsible for hereditary angioedema?
- 314. Open EndedWhat are the Types I - IV hypersensitivity reactions
- 315. Open EndedWhat are the most common cause of secondary HTN in young women?
- 316. Open EndedWhich is a better combo: ACEI + Thiazide or ACEI + CCB?
- 317. Open EndedAll people should be screened with fasting lipid profile how often and starting when?
- 318. Open EndedT or F High calorie diets increase LDL, cholesterol, and TG levels
- 319. Open EndedWhat is the desired Total Cholesterol:HDL ratio?
- 320. Open EndedAll diabetics with an LDL > ____ should be started on a statin
- 321. Open EndedWhat is the first line treatment for an acute Cluster headache?
- 322. Open EndedWhat is primary prophylaxis for cluster headaches (the type of headache with the greatest utility for prophylaxis)?
- 323. Open EndedWhat hormone depletion plays a major role in headaches?
- 324. Open EndedWhat defines "Status migranosus"?
- 325. Open EndedWhat is the most common route of transmission for the common cold?
- 326. Open EndedHow big must an adrenal incidentaloma be before it should be resected?
- 327. Open EndedA patient presents with HTN, unprovoked hypokalemia, headache, ECF volume expansion and *Absence of peripheral edema* ==?
- 328. Open EndedWhat will be the results of a Saline infusion test in a patient with Primary aldosteronism?
- 329. Open EndedHow to manage bilateral hyperplasia as a cause of primary aldosteronism?
- 330. Open EndedWhat is the most common cause of adrenal insufficiency WORLDWIDE? (What about in the industrialized world?)
- 331. Open EndedWhat is the most common cause of secondary adrenal insufficiency? (and adrenal insufficiency overall)
- 332. Open EndedHyperpigmentation and hyperkalemia appears in (primary or secondary) adrenal insufficiency, but not (primary or secondary)
- 333. Open EndedWhat is the difference in treatment between primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency?
- 334. Open Ended90% of congenital adrenal hyperplasia is due to what?
- 335. Open EndedWhy does CAH lead to virilization?
- 336. Open EndedCAH diagnosis is made by high levels of ___ in the serum
- 337. Open EndedWhich has a stronger genetic component: DM1 or DM2?
- 338. Open EndedDawn phenomenon = ?
- 339. Open EndedSomogyi effect = ?
- 340. Open EndedDaily asa is recommended in all diabetic patients over what age?
- 341. Open EndedScreen all adults over ___ y.o for diabetes every ___ years
- 342. Open EndedMOA of sulfonylureas
- 343. Open EndedAEs of sulfonylureas
- 344. Open EndedMOA of Metformin
- 345. Open EndedMOA of Acarbose
- 346. Open EndedMOA of TZDs
- 347. Open EndedAEs of TZDs
- 348. Open EndedWhich diabetic medication is contraindicated in patients with renal failure?
- 349. Open EndedWhich type of insulin has the SHORTEST onset of action?
- 350. Open EndedWhich type of insulin has the LONGEST onset of action?
- 351. Open EndedWhich type of insulin has the LONGEST duration?
- 352. Open EndedWhat is the onset of Lantus (glargine)
- 353. Open EndedWhat is the onset and duration of NPH?
- 354. Open EndedKimmelstiel-Wilson syndrome is pathognomonic for DM... what is it?
- 355. Open EndedWhen should you hold metformin if raiocontrast agents are required for DM patients?
- 356. Open EndedCN complications of DM affect many ocular functions (adduction, ptosis, etc...) ... What does it SPARE?
- 357. Open EndedTight glucose control can markedly reduce (Micro or Macro)vascular complications of DM?
- 358. Open EndedWhat is the most common presentation for autonomic neuropathy in diabetics?
- 359. Open EndedWhat ketone is the only one that can be detected by nitroprusside agents to diagnose DKA?
- 360. Open EndedHow much does serum sodium decrease with increased glucose?
- 361. Open EndedWhen do you transition a DKA patient over from NS to D5%?
- 362. Open EndedT or F Acidosis and Ketosis is rare in HHS?
- 363. Open EndedT or F 0.1 units/kg infusion of insulin should be started on HHS patients
- 364. Open EndedWhy is the brain at highest risk when a patient is hypoglycemic?
- 365. Open EndedIf someone is factitiously taking insulin, their insulin level will be high... will C peptide be high or low?
- 366. Open EndedWhen do s/s of hypoglycemia usually present? (level of BS)
- 367. Open EndedWhat can be done to diagnose an insulinoma?
- 368. Open EndedWhat is whipple's triad?
- 369. Open EndedWhat laboratory value (outside of drug screen) will help differentiate sulfonylurea abuse vs Insulinoma?
- 370. Open EndedWhat is the most common location for metastasis for Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome?
- 371. Open EndedWhat is the diagnostic test of choice for Zollinger Ellison syndrome?
- 372. Open EndedWhat presents with necrotizing migratory erythema?
- 373. Open EndedWhat is the somatostatinoma classic triad?
- 374. Open EndedVIPoma clinical features
- 375. Open EndedWhat is the most common site of distant spread of colorectal cancer?
- 376. Open Endedwhat 3 components exists of gardners syndrome?
- 377. Open Endedturcots syndrome
- 378. Open EndedPeutz-Jeghers
- 379. Open EndedLynch Syndrome I & Lynch Syndrome II
- 380. Open EndedWhat is the definitive diagnostic test for acute mesenteric ischemia?
- 381. Open EndedWhat does "thumbprinting on barium enema due to thickened edematous mucosal folds indicate?
- 382. Open EndedThe medication "Papaverine" is used to treat all ARTERIAL causes of mesenteric ischemia. What does this medication do?
- 383. Open EndedS/s + radiographic evidence of Large bowel obstruction is present, but there is no mechanical obstruction = ???
- 384. Open EndedWhat medication may be used as an adjuvant treatment to improve diarrhea in patients with cdiff?
- 385. Open EndedWhat is the gold standard for diagnosis of Cirrhosis of the Liver?
- 386. Open EndedWhat is the most life-threatening complication of portal HTN?
- 387. Open EndedWhat is likely to be the cause of a patient with peritonitis with a serum ascites albumin gradient of >1.1 g/dL
- 388. Open EndedWhat can be given to hepatic encephalopathy patients to prevent absorption of ammonia? What medication kills bowel flora (and therefore decreases ammonia production)?
- 389. Open EndedWhat are the 3 most common agents that cause Sp. Bact. Peritonitis?
- 390. Open EndedWhat WBC and PMN count is consistent with SBP?
- 391. Open EndedHow do you treat coagulopathy secondary to liver disease?
- 392. Open EndedWilson's disease is Autosomal (Dom or Rec)
- 393. Open EndedWhat is the usual age of a patient with Wilson's disease?
- 394. Open EndedWhat renal complications develop secondary to Wilson's disease?
- 395. Open EndedHow does "D-penicillamine" help treat Wilson's disease?
- 396. Open EndedHepatocellular Adenoma is a benign liver tumor most often seen in what population?
- 397. Open Ended3 main risk factors for hepatocellular adenoma
- 398. Open EndedWhat is the most common type of benign liver tumor?
- 399. Open EndedWhich type of Hepatocellular Carcinoma is NOT associated with HepB or C and is more often resectable with a longer survival time?
- 400. Open EndedWhat tumor marker is associated with liver cancer?
- 401. Open EndedWhich is elevated in Gilberts disease: Conjugated or Unconjugated bilirubin?
- 402. Open EndedTreatment of hydatid liver cysts is surgical resection plus what medication after surgery?
- 403. Open EndedWhat population is at highest risk for an amebic liver abscess?
- 404. Open EndedWhat syndrome is caused by occlusion of hepatic venous outflow --> hepatic congestion --> subsequent microvascular ischemia
- 405. Open Endedwhen does clinical jaundice become evident?
- 406. Open EndedDark urine is only seen with conjugated/unconjugated bilirubin
- 407. Open EndedDubin-Johnson syndrome or Rotor's Syndrome both are inherited disorders causing what?
- 408. Open EndedAlk phos is elevated in gallbladder disease or in what 2 other situations?
- 409. Open EndedBlack pigmented gallstones are associated with either hemolysis or ___.
- 410. Open EndedWhat is "Boas sign"?
- 411. Open EndedWhat antibodies are found in the AUTOIMMUNE disease of Primary Biliary Cirrhosis?
- 412. Open EndedWhat is "Klatskin's tumor"?
- 413. Open EndedCarcinoid syndrome is caused by what hormone/neurotransmitter?
- 414. Open EndedWhere is the most common site for a carcinoid tumor?
- 415. Open EndedWhat size pancreatic cyst gets drained?
- 416. Open EndedTumor marker for Pancreatic CA
- 417. Open EndedWhat condition is commonly associated with a Traction Diverticula of the esophagus?
- 418. Open EndedWhat is Hamman's sign?
- 419. Open EndedWhich requires biopsy to rule out malignancy: Duodenal or Gastric ulcers?
- 420. Open EndedName type 1 - 4 gastric ulcers
- 421. Open EndedWhat blood type is associated with duodenal ulcers?
- 422. Open EndedWhat blood type is associated with gastric ulcers?
- 423. Open EndedWhat is the biggest risk factor for duodenal ulcers?
- 424. Open EndedWhat is the biggest risk factor for gastric ulcers?
- 425. Open EndedAre gastric or duodenal ulcers from a DECREASE IN DEFENSIVE FACTORS?
- 426. Open EndedIs H.Pylori in a greater percentage of gastric or duodenal ulcers?
- 427. Open EndedWhat is the most common side effect of misoprostol for ulcer treatment?
- 428. Open EndedWhat are the 4 morphologies for gastric cancer?
- 429. Open Endedmets of gastric carcinoma 1- krukenburg tumor 2- irish node
- 430. Open Endedwhich is increased with crohns: gall stones or kidney stones?
- 431. Open Endedhow does 5-ASA work
- 432. Open EndedWhere should a properly placed ET tube be on CXR?
- 433. Open Ended1st degree heart block is defined by PR interval of what?
- 434. Open EndedWhich leads can you determine left atrial enlargement in?
- 435. Open Endedwhere are isolted q waves considered normal?
- 436. Open EndedSmall, concave ST segment elevations
- 437. Open EndedWhat is a "Hickman" catheter?
- 438. Open EndedWhich has a higher risk of aspiration: nutritional support with A - continuous feeding or B - intermittent feeding
- 439. Open EndedWhich antibiotic inhibits the transpeptidation step of cell wall building?
- 440. Open EndedPCNs act synergistically with what abx?
- 441. Open EndedT or F - PCN covers E.coli, but Amoxacillin does not
- 442. Open EndedWhich gen of Cephalosporins have greater gram - but lesser gram + activity vs 1st gen?
- 443. Open EndedWhat abx is bacteriocidal by inhibiting the 30s ribosomal subunit?
- 444. Open EndedWhich abx is bacteriocidal by inhibiting the 50s ribosomal subunit?
- 445. Open EndedWhich abx may cause a bleeding diathesis that my be corrected by vit K administration?
- 446. Open Endedwhich two medications are combined for use in endocarditis?
- 447. Open Ended2 complications of aminoglycosides
- 448. Open EndedWhich ABX blocks bacterial DNA synthesis?
- 449. Open Ended3rd and 4th gen cephalosporins are not useful for infections with what 2 kinds of bacteria?
- 450. Open EndedWhat two abx work synergistically to treat enterococcus?
- 451. Open EndedImipenem is always combined with ___ to prevent renal toxicity
- 452. Open Endedwhat abx is used empirically when gram neg sepsis is suspected?
- 453. Open EndedWHICH CARBAPENEM LOWERS SEIZURE THRESHOLD?
- 454. Open Endedwhy is bacitracin only used topically?
- 455. Open Endedtx of choice for mycoplasm pneumonia "walking pna"
- 456. Open EndedWhich abx binds to 50 s bacterial ribosomal subunit, but also binds to human ribosomes, which may be toxic!
- 457. Open EndedWhat abx causes Aplastic Anemia and Gray baby syndrome?
- 458. Open EndedWhich abx inhibits monoamine oxidase and therefore can cause seritonin syndrome?
- 459. Open EndedWhich FQ is the only one with anaerobic coverage?
- 460. Open Endedtx of choice for LATENT TB
- 461. Open EndedMost important adverse reaction of INH
- 462. Open EndedWhat is prophylaxis and treatment for PCP?
- 463. Open EndedWhich abx inhibits acetyl CoA?
- 464. Open EndedWhat are 3 causes of paradoxical splitting of S2
- 465. Open EndedIf a patient has relapse of pyelo for the same organism despite treatment, what do you do?
- 466. Open Ended80% of Reiters syndrome is associated with what kind of infection?
- 467. Open EndedWhat is the most common bacterial STD?
- 468. Open EndedGram stain of urethral discharge showing organisms within leukocytes is highly specific for ____
- 469. Open EndedA CD4 count of >____ means the immune system is essentially normal
- 470. Open EndedMost opportunistic infections in AIDS patients occur at a CD4 below ____
- 471. Open EndedWhat is the leading cause of death in patients with AIDs?
- 472. Open EndedTx vs Prophylaxis for PCP in AIDs Patients...
- 473. Open EndedCT of aids patient shows multiple (>3) contrast-enhanced mass lesions in the basal ganglia and subcortical white matter
- 474. Open EndedWhat CNS infection should be identified using india ink?
- 475. Open EndedHow do you treat aids, cryptococcal meningitis?
- 476. Open EndedWhat is the quickest test to diagnose HSV infection?
- 477. Open EndedHow long does it take for a primary syphilis chancre to heal, even without therapy?
- 478. Open EndedWhat is the most characteristic finding of secondary syphilis?
- 479. Open EndedWhich stages of syphilis are patients contagious?
- 480. Open EndedWhat is tabes dorsalis?
- 481. Fill in the BlankRPR or VDRL may be falsely positive in patients with______
- 482. Fill in the BlankDiagnosis of syphilis: VDRL and RPR, if +, confirm with _____
- 483. Open EndedWhat abx can be used for chancroid (H. ducrei)
- 484. Open EndedTx for lymphogranuloma venerum
- 485. Open EndedWhat is the most common joint infected with septic arthritis?
- 486. Open EndedT or F Most septic arthritis should be repeatedly drained, but gonococcal arthritis should not be
- 487. Open EndedT or F Kernig and Brudzinski's sign is negative in Lyme meningitis
- 488. Open EndedWhat is arodermatitis chronica atrophicans?
- 489. Open EndedWhat peaks and drops off and what lasts forever in Lyme titers: IgG vs IgM
- 490. Open EndedTx for lyme disease (abx and duration): Tx for children < 12 or pregnant women? Tx for children or pregnant women with pcn allergies? Tx for complications (cardiac, palsy, arthritis): Tx for CNS complications:
- 491. Open EndedA hiker heads out in april. 1 week later develops a fever, 5 days later develops a rash on wrists that spreads to shoulders it is papular and turns petechial. He has elevated liver enzymes and thrombocytopenia. How do you treat him?
- 492. Open EndedBlood smear for malaria must have what kind of stain?
- 493. Open EndedChloroquine should be given to malaria unless resistance is suspected. then give what? If traveler is going to chloroquine resistant area, what do you give for prophylaxis?
- 494. Open EndedLeptospirosis is caused by drinking contaminated water - it can cause anicteric disease with rash, lymphadenopathy, and increased LFTs ...or... Icteric disease with renal +/or liver fail, vasculitis, and vascular collapse - - -how do you treat it?
- 495. Open EndedTx for Tularemia caused by a bite
- 496. Open EndedWhat is the causative organism of Q fever? Tx for acute infection? Tx for chronic infection (endocarditis)?
- 497. Open EndedWhat organism is associated with pigeon droppings?
- 498. Open EndedWhat does india ink stain show for cryptococcus infection?
- 499. Open EndedWhat organism is associated with bat/bird droppings endemic in ohio and mississippi river valleys
- 500. Open EndedA patient is **GARDENING** and has a thorn attack skin --> hard subq nodules that ulcerate and drain... how do you treat it?
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